Microparasites of worldwide mullets

• Autorzy: Ovcharenko M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The present review is focus on parasitic organisms, previously considered as protozoans. Viral, prokaryotic and fungal parasites caused diseases and disorders of worldwide mullets were also observed. Most of the known viruses associated with a high mortality of mullets were detected in Mugil cephalus. Prokaryotic microparasites were registered in M. cephalus, Moolgarda cunnesiu, Liza ramada and Mugil liza. Fungal pathogens were associated with representatives of the genera Aphanomyces, Achlya, Phialemonium, Ichthyophonus. Ichthyophonus sp. can be considered as a potential threat for marine fish aquaculture, especially in culture conditions. A new hyperparasitic microsporidium like organism was recorded in myxozoan Myxobolus parvus infecting grey mullet Liza haematocheilus in the Russian coastal zone of the Sea of Japan. The protozoan representatives of the phyla Dinoflagellata, Euglenozoa, Ciliophora and Apicomplexa were reviewed and analyzed. The review of myxosporean parasites from grey mullets includes 64 species belonging to 13 genera and 9 families infecting 16 fish species.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

parasite; microparasite; worldwide distribution; mullet; Mugiliformes; Mugilidae; disease; disorder

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Annals of Parasitology
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 61
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.229–239,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Ovcharenko M.

• Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
• Institute of Biology and Environment Protection, Pomeranian University, Arciszewskiego 22, 76-218 Slupsk, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] May R., Anderson R. 1979. The population biology of infectious diseases: Part II. Nature 280: 455-461.
• [2] Levin B. 1996. The evolution and maintenance of virulence in microparasites. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2: 93-102.
• [3] Dobson A., Carper R. 1992. Global warming and potential changes in host-parasite and disease-vector relationships. In: Global warming and biodiversity. (Eds. R.L. Peters, T.E. Lovejoy). CT Yale University Press: 201-217.
• [4] Paperna I., Overstreet R. 1981. Parasites and Diseases of Mullets (Mugilidae). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology 579: 411-493.
• [5] Sindermann C. 1990. Principal diseases of marine fish and shellfish. Vol. 1. Diseases of marine fish. 2nd ed., Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
• [6] Woo P.T.K., Leatherland J.F., Bruno D.W. 2011. Fish Diseases and Disorders. CABI, Oxford.
• [7] Basson L., As J.V. 2006. Trichodinidae and Other Ciliophorans (Phylum Ciliophora). In: Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. I: Protozoan and Metazoan Infections. (Ed. P.T.K. Woo). CABI, Oxford: 154-182.
• [8] Сanning E.U., Lom J. 1986. The microsporidia of Vertebrates. Academic Press, London–Toronto.
• [9] Drebes G. 1984. Life cycle and host specificity of marine parasitic dinophytes. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen 37: 603-622.
• [10] Hetrick F.M. 1984. DNA viruses associated with diseases of marine and anadromous fish. Helgolander Wissenschafliche Meeresuntersunungen 37: 289-307.
• [11] Lom J., Dyková I. 1992. Protozoan Parasites of Fishes. Elsevier. Amsterdam, London, New York, Tokyo.
• [12] Yurakhno V., Ovcharenko M. 2014. Study of Myxosporea (Myxozoa), infecting worldwide mullets with description of a new species. Parasitology Research 113: 3661-3674.
• [13] Cavalier-Smith T. 1983 A 6-kingdom classification and a unified phylogeny. In:. Endocytobiology II: intracellular space as oligogenetic. (Eds. H.E.A Schenk., W.S. Schwemmler). Walter de Gruyter & Co.: 1027-1034.
• [14] Alexandrawicz J.S. 1951. Lymphocystis tumours in the red mullet (Mullus surmuletus L.). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 30: 315-332.
• [15] Ucko M., Colorni A., Diamant A. 2004. Nodavirus infection in Israel mariculture. Journal of Fish Diseases 27: 459-469.
• [16] Zorriehzahra M., Nakai T., Sharifpour I., Gomez D.G., Chi C.Sh., Soltani, M., Hassan H.M.D., Rohani M.S., Saidi A.A. 2005. Mortality of wild golden grey mullet (Liza auratus) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea, associated with viral necrosis-like agent. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 4: 43-58.
• [17] Gibson-Kueh S., Ngoh-Lim G.H., Netto P., Kurita J., Nakajima K.N. 2004. A systemic iridoviral disease in mullet, Mugil cephalus L., and tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Forsskal: a first report and study. Journal of Fish Diseases 27: 693-699.
• [18] Lewis D.H., Grumbles L.C., Mc Connell S., Flowers A. I. 1970. Pasteurella like bacteria from an epizootic in menhaden and mullet in Galveston Bay. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 6: 160-162.
• [19] Plump J.A., Schachte J.H., Gaines J.L., Peltier W., Carroll B. 1974. Streptococcus sp. from marine fishes along the Alabama and northwest Florida coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 103: 358-361.
• [20] Al-Marzouk A., Duremdez R., Yuasa K., Sameer A.Z., Al-Gharabally H., Munday B. 2005. Fish kill of mullet Liza klunzingeri in Kuwait Bay: The role of Streptococcus agalactiae and the influence of temperature. In: Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. (Eds. P. Walker, R. Lester, M. G. Bondad-Reantaso). Asian Fisheries Society: 143-153.
• [21] Almeida L.J., Da Silva E.J., Freitas Y.M. 1968. Microorganisms from some tropical fish diseases. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 25: 197-201.
• [22] De Sousa J.A., Eiras J.C., Ranzani-Paiva M. J.T., Alexandrino A.C. 1999. Bacteriology of wild grey mullets, Mugil platanus Gunther, from Cananeia, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16: 1065-1069.
• [23] Wang H., Lee L., Chang H.Y., Wang C.T., Wu C.H., Tasi K.H. 2001. A survey of the diseases in cultured brood grey mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus ) in the Yun-Chia-Nan area of Taiwan. Journal of the Chinese Society of Veterinary Science 27: 89-93.
• [24] Chen S.C., Liaw L.L., Su H.Y. et al. 2002. Lactococcus garvieae, a cause of disease in grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L., in Taiwan. Journal of Fish Diseases 25: 727-732.
• [25] Callinan R.B., Keep J.A. 2006. Bacteriology and parasitology of red spot disease in sea mullet, Mugil cephalus L., from eastern Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases 12: 349-356.
• [26] Varello K., Prearo M., Serracca L., Meloni D., Rossini I., Righetti M., Pezzolato M., Fioravanti M.L., Ercolini C., Bozzetta E. 2014. Granulomatous lesions in a wild mullet population from the eastern Ligurian Sea (Italy): mycobacteriosis vs. pseudotuberculosis. Journal of Fish Diseases 37: 553-558.
• [27] Callinan R.B., Fraser G.C., Virgona J.L. 1989. Pathology of red spot disease in sea mullet, Mugil cephalus L., from eastern Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases 12: 467-479.
• [28] Sosa E.R., Landsberg J.H., Kiryu Y., Stephenson C.M., Cody T.T., Dukeman A.K., Wolfe H.P., Vandersea M.W., Litaker R.W. 2007. Pathogenicity studies with the fungi Aphanomyces invadans, Achlya bisexualis, and Phialemonium dimorphosporum: induction of skin ulcers in striped mullet Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 19: 41-48.
• [29] Paperna I. 1986. Ichthyophonus infection in grey mullets from Southern Africa: histopathological and ultrastructural study. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 1: 89-97.
• [30] Franco-Sierra A., Sitja-Bobadilla A., Alvarez-Pellitero P. 1997. Ichthyophonus infections in cultured marine fish from Spain. Journal of Fish Biology 51: 830-839.
• [31] Franco-Sierra A., Alvarez-Pellitero P. 1999. The morphology of Ichthyophonus sp. in their mugilid hosts (Pisces: Teleostei) and following cultivation in vitro. A light and electron microscopy study. Parasitology Research 85: 562-575.
• [32] Canning E.U. 1993. Microsporidia. In: Parasitic Protozoa. (Ed. J. P. Kreier) Vol. 6. Academic Press,: 299-370.
• [33] Karpov S.A., Mikhailov K.V., Mirzaeva G.S., Mirabdullaev I.M., Mamkaeva K.A., Titova N.N., Aleoshin V.V. 2013. Obligately phagotrophic aphelids turned out to branch with the earliest-diverging fungi. Protist 164: 195-205.
• [34] Vávra J., Lukeš J. 2013. Microsporidia and ‘The Art of Living Together’ In: Advances in Parasitology. (Ed. D. Rollinson): 253-320.
• [35] Shaw R.W., Kent M.L. 1999. Fish Microsporidia. In: The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis. (Eds. M. Wittner, L.M. Weiss). American Society for Microbiology: 419-446.
• [36] Delphy M.J. 1916. Scoliose abdominale chez le Mugil auratus Risso et presence d’une myxosporidie parasite de ce poisson. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris 163: 71-73.
• [37] Ralphs J.R., Matthews R.A. 1986. Hepatic microsporidiosis due to Microgemma hepaticus n.g., n.sp. in juvenile grey mullet Chelon labrosus. Journal of Fish Diseases 9: 225-242.
• [38] Kalavati C., Lakschminarayana D. 1982. A new microsporidian Nosema valamugili from the gut epithelium of an estuarie fish Yalamugil sp. Acta Protozoologica 21: 251-256.
• [39] Ovcharenko N.O., Sarabeev V.L., Wita I., Czaplinska U. 2000. Loma mugili sp. n., a new microsporidium from the gills of grey mullet (Mugil soiuy). Vestnik Zoologii 34: 9-15.
• [40] Noga E.J., Levy M.G. 2006. Phyllum Dinoflagellata. In: Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. I: Protozoan and Metazoan Infections. (Ed. P.T.K. Woo). CABI, Oxford: 16-45.
• [41] Lawler A.R. 1980. Studies on Amyloodinium ocellatum (Dinoflagellata) in Mississippi Sound: natural and experimental hosts. Gulf Research Reports 6: 403-413.
• [42] Paperna I. 1984. Reproduction cycle and tolerance to temperature and salinity of Amylodinium ocellatum (Brown 1931) (Dinoflagellida). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 59: 7-30.
• [43] Baticados M.C.L., Quinltio G.F. 1984. Occurrence and pathology of an Amyloodinium-like protozoan parasite on gills of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen 37: 595-601.
• [44] Bower C.E. 1983. The basic marine aquarium. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield.
• [45] Montgomery-Brock D., Sylvester J.Y., Tamaru C.S., Brock J. 2000. Hydrogen peroxide treatment for Amyloodinium sp. on mullet (Mugil cephalus). Center for Tropical and Sub Tropical Aquaculture, Aqua Tips Regional Notes 11: 4-6.
• [46] Woo P.T.K. 2006. Diplomonadida (Phylum Parabasalia) and Kinetoplastea (Phylum Euglenozoa). In: Fish Diseases and Disorders. Vol. I. Protozoan and Metazoan Infections. (Ed. P.K. Woo). CABI, Oxford: 46-114.
• [47] Eiras J.C., Ranzani-Paina M.T., Davies A. 1995. Observations on Haemogregarina mugili (Apicomplexa) and Trypanosoma froesi (Sarcomastigophora) from the blood of Mugil platanus Gtinther, 1880 (Pisces: Mugilidae) in Brazil. Research and Reviews in Parasitology 55: 173-176.
• [48] Becker C.D., Overstreet R.M. 1979. Hematozoa of marine fishes from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Fish Diseases 2: 469-479.
• [49] Eli A., Briyai O.F., Abowei J.F.N. 2012. A review of some parasite diseases of African fish gut lumen: Protozoa, Coccidioses, Cryptosporidium Infections, Haemoprotozoa, Haemosporidia. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 4: 1438-1447.
• [50] Burgess P.J. 1995. Marine Whitespot Disease. Freshwater and Marine Aquarium 18: 168-196.
• [51] Wilkie D.W., Gordin, Y. 1969. Outbreak of cryptocaryoniasis in marine aquaria at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. California Fish and Game 55: 227-236.
• [52] Nigrelli R.F., Ruggieri C.D. 1966. Enzootics in the New York Aquarium caused by Cryptocaryon irritans Brown, 1951 (=Ichthyophthirius marinus Sikama, 1961), a histophagous ciliate in the skin, eyes and gills of marine fishes. Zoologica 51: 97-102.
• [53] Gaevskaya A.V., Korniychuk Yu.M. 2003. Parasitic organisms as an ecosystems constituent at the Black Sea coast of the Crimea. In: Modern condition of biological diversity in near-shore zone of crimea (the Black Sea sector). (Eds. V.N. Eremeev, A.V. Gaevskaya). Ekosi-Gidrophizika: 425-490.
• [54] Shtein G.A. 1975. Order Peritricha, suborder Mobilia. In: Opredelitel parazitov pozvonochnykh Chernogo i Azovskogo morej. (Ed. V.N. Greze) Naukova Dumka: 54-68.
• [55] Chen C. 1984. Parasitic Ciliates of Fishes from Liao He (Liaoho River) in China. In: Parasitic organisms of freshwater fish of China (Complied Edited by Institute of Hydrobiology Academica Sinica). Agricultural Publishing House: 22-40.
• [56] Özer A., Öztürk T. 2004. Trichodina pujtoraci Lom, 1962 and Trychodina lepsi Lom, 1962 (Peritricha: Ciliophora) infestations on mugilids caught at the Black Sea coast of Sinop in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 28: 179-182.
• [57] Al-Bassel D.A.H., Hussein A.N.A. 2012. A survey on parasites infecting mullets from Egypt and Libya. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences 4: 9-12.
• [58] Domnich I.F., Sarabeev V.L. 1999. Formation of the parasite fauna of Mugil soiuy in the Azov Sea. Visnyk Zaporizkogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu 2: 218-223.
• [59] Mikailov T.K. 1958. Parasitofauna of Mugil saliens Risso of the Caspian Sea. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 37: 373-378.
• [60] Bauer O.H., Musselius D.F., Nikolajeva V.M., Strelkov J.A. 1977. Ichtiopatologija. Pischevaja promishlennost.
• [61] Molnár K. 2006. Phylum Apicomplexa. In: Fish Diseases and Disorders. Vol. I: Protozoan and Metazoan Infections. (Ed. P.T.K. Woo). CABI, Oxford: 16-45.
• [62] Carini A. 1932. Sobre uma hemogregarina de um peixe do mar do Brasil. Septima Reunion de la Sociedad Argentian de Patologid Regional del Norte 2: 920-921.
• [63] Saunders D.C. 1958. The occurrence of Haemogregarina bigemina Laveran and Mesnil, and H. dasyatis n. sp. in marine fish from Bimini, Bahams, BWI. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 77: 404-412.
• [64] Ranzani-Paiva M.J.T., Tavares-Dias M. 2002. Eritrograma, relação viscerosomática, hepatosomática e esplenosomática em tainhas Mugil platanus Günther (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) parasitadas. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 19: 807-818.
• [65] Laird M. 1958. Parasites of South Pacific fishes. I. Introduction, and Haematozoa. Canadian Journal of Zoology 36: 153-165.
• [66] Saunders D.C. 1964. Blood parasites of marine fish of southwest Florida, including a new haemogregarine from the menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 83: 218-225.
• [67] Paperna I. 1981. Dactylosoma hannesi n. sp. (Dactylosomatidae, Piroplasmia) found in the blood of grey mullet (Mugilidae) from South Africa. Journal of Protozoology 28: 486-491.
• [68] Evans N.M., Holder M.T., Barbeitos M.S., Okamura B., Cartwright P. 2010. The phylogenetic position of Myxozoa: exploring conflicting signals in phylogenomic and ribosomal data sets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27: 2733-2746.
• [69] Kent M.L., Andree K.B., Bartholomew J.L., El-Matbouli M., Desser S.S., Delvin R.H., Feist S.W., Hedrick R.P., Hoffmann R.W., Khattra J., Hallett S.L., Lester R.J.G., Longshaw M., Palenzuela O., Siddall M.E., Xizo C.X. 2001. Recent advances in our knowledge of the Myxozoa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48: 395-413.
• [70] Bahri S., Marques A. 1996. Myxosporean parasites of the genus Myxobolus from Mugil cephalus in Ichkeul lagoon, Tunisia: Description of two new species. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 27:115-122.
• [71] Eiras J.C., D’Souza J. 2004. Myxobolus goensis n.sp. (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Myxobolidae), a parasite of the gills of Mugil cephalus (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) from Goa, India. Parasite 11: 243-248.
• [72] Negm-Eldim N.M, Govedich F.R., Davies R.W. 1999. Gill myxosporeans on some Egyptian freshwater fish. Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 106: 459-465.
• [73] Parenzan P. 1966. Myxobolus mugilis e Myxobolus branchialis nuovi missosporidi parassiti di Mugil chelo dello Jonio. Bulletin Società dei Naturalisti in Napoli 73: 3-8.
• [74] Landsberg J.H., Lom J. 1991. Taxonomy of the genera of the Myxosoma/Myxobolus group (Myxobolidae: Myxosporea), current listing of species and revision of synonims. Systematic Parasitology 18: 165-186.
• [75] Kpatcha T.K., Faye N., Diebakate C., Fall M., Toguebaye B.S. 1997. Nouvelles espèces d. Henneguya Thelohan, 1895 (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) parasites des poissons marins du Sénégal: étude en microscopie photonique et électronique. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 18: 81-91.
• [76] Schulman S.S. 1966. Myxosporidia of the fauna of the USSR. Nauka.
• [77] Ibragimov S.R. 1987. Forming of the parasites fauna of mullets in the Caspian Sea. Baku, Institute of Zoology of AS Azerbaijan SSR (Deposited by VINITI 03.04.87, № 2407-B87): 1-14.
• [78] Iskov M.P. 1989. Myxosporidia (Myxosporea). In: Fauna Ukrainy. (Eds. A.P Markevitch., S.S. Schulman), Vol. 37. Naukowa Dumka.
• [79] Asejeva N.L. 1994. Detection on Myxosoma acutum in pilengas from Japan Sea. Izvestiya TINRO 117: 157-158.
• [80] Asejeva N.L. 2000. Myxosporeans of anadrome and marine coastal fishes of north-west part of Japan Sea. Izvestiya TINRO 127: 593-606.
• [81] Kittichon U.T., Penprapai N., Bangrak P., Mekata T., Itami T., Tantikitti C. 2011. Myxobolus supamattayai n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from Thailand parasitizing the scale pellicle of wild mullet (Valamugil seheli). Parasitology Research 109: 81-91.
• [82] Egusa S., Maeno Y., Sorimachi M. 1990. A new species of myxozoa, Myxobolus episquamalis sp. n. infecting the scales of the mullet, Mugil cephalus L. Fish Pathology 25: 87-91.
• [83] Yurakhno V.M., Maltsev V.N. 2002. New data on myxosporeans of mullets in the Atlantic Ocean basin. Ekologija Morya 61: 39-42.
• [84] Rohtwell J.T., Virgona J.I., Callinan R.B., Nicholls P.J., Langdon J.S. 1997. Occurrence of cutaneous infections of Myxobolus episquamalis (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) in sea mullet, Mugil cephalus L. in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 75: 349-352.
• [85] Fujita T. 1930. On the new myxosporidia Chloromyxum bora nov. sp. In the muscles of the Gray-Mullet. Dibitsugaku Zasshi, Tokyo 42: 45-48.
• [86] Egusa S. 1986. A myxosporean of the order Multivalvulida from the brains of Lateolabrax japonicus and some other marine fishes. Fish Pathology 21: 233-238.
• [87] Swearer S.E., Robertson D.R. 1999. Life history, pathology, and description of Kudoa ovivora n. sp. (Myxozoa, Myxosporea): an ovarian parasite of Caribbean Labroid fishes. Journal of Parasitology 85: 337-353.
• [88] Yurakhno V.M. 2003. Myxosporeans of genus Kudoa (Protozoa: Myxosporea) of the World Ocean fish. Rybnoye Khozyaystvo 1: 16-32.
• [89] Eiras J.C., Molnar K., Lu Y.S. 2005. Synopsis of the species of Myxobolus Butschli, 1882 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae). Systematic Parasitology 61: 1-46.
• [90] Maeno Y., Nagasawa K., Sorimachi M. 1993. Kudoa intestinalis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) from the intestinal musculature of the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, from Japan. Journal of Parasitology 79: 190-192.
• [91] Kalavati C., Anuradha I. 1993. Two new species of myxosporeans infecting Valamugil cunnesius in Visakhaptnam harbour, east coast of India. Uttar Pradesh Juornal of Zoology 13: 148-152.
• [92] Yurakhno V.M. 2004. The fauna of myxosporeans (Protozoa: Myxosporea) of fishes in the Black Sea and its seasonal and interannual aspects of variability. In: Sovremenniye problemy parazitologii, zoologii i ekologii. (Ed. C.M. Nigmatullina). KGTU: 160-171.
• [93] Bahri S., Andree K.B., Hedrick R.P. 2003. Morphological and phylogenetic studies of marine Myxobolus spp. from mullet in Ichkeul Lake, Tunisia. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50: 463-470.
• [94] Pedro-Andrĕs M.B., Marques A., Gracia-Royo M.P. 2011. Myxosporean infection of Grey Mullet in the Ebro Delta: identification and ultrastructure of Myxobolus ichkeulensis Bahri & Marques, 1996 infecting the gills of Mugil cephalus L. Acta Protozoologica 50: 67-71.
• [95] Özak A.A., Demirkale I., Cengizler I. 2012. Two new records of Myxobolus Butschli, 1882 (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Myxobolidae) species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 36: 191-199.
• [96] Diamant A., Ucko M., Paperna I., Colorni A., Lipshitz A. 2005. Kudoa iwatai Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in wild and cultured fish in the Red Sea: redescription and molecular phylogeny. Journal of Parasitology 91: 1175-1189.
• [97] Reshetnikova A.V. 1955. Parasitic fauna of the Black sea mullets. Trudy Karadagskoj Biologicheskoj Stancii, Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoj SSR 13: 71-95.
• [98] Fall M., Kpatcha K.P., Diebakate C., Faye N., Toguebaye B.S. 1997. Observations sur des Myxosporidies (Myxozoa) du genre Myxobolus parasites de Mugil cephalus (Poisson, Téléostéen) du Sénégal. Parasite 2: 173-180.
• [99] Pogoreltceva T.P. 1964. Materials on investigations of parasitic Protozoa of Black Sea fishes. Problemy Parazitologii, Trudy Ukrainskogo Respublikanskogo Nauchnogo Obchestwa Parazitologow 3: 16-29.
• [100] Kovaleva A.A., Donets Z.S., Kolesnikova M.G. 1989. New species of Myxosporidia (Cnidospora, Myxosporea) in the Black Sea fish. Vestnik Zoologii 5: 75-79.
• [101] Jajasri M., Hoffman G.L. 1982. Review of Myxidium (Protozoa:Myxozoa: Myxosporea). Protozoological Abstracts 6: 61-91.
• [102] Dorothy K.P., Kalavati C. 1992. Two new myxosporean parasites of the mullet Liza macrolepis (Smith). Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology 12: 15-19.
• [103] Sarkar N.K., Ghosh S. 1991. Two new coelozoic myxosporida (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from estuarine teleost fishes (Mugilidae) of West Bengal, India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Calcutta) 44: 131-135.
• [104] Sarkar N.K. 1999. Some new Myxosporidia (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) of the genera Myxobolus Butschli, 1882 Unicapsula Davis, 1942 Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947 Ortholinea Shulman, 1962 and Neoparvicapsula Gajevskaya, Kovaleva and Shulman, 1982. Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Calcutta) 52: 38-48.
• [105] Chen C.L., Hsieh S.R. 1984. New species of Myxidium (Myxosporidia) from freshwater fishes of China. In: Parasitic organisms of freshwater fish of China. (Complied Edited by Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica). Agricultural Publishing House: 89-98.
• [106] Sitjà-Bobadilla A., Alvarez-Pellitero P. 1993. Zschokkella mugilis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) from mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) of Mediterranean waters: light and electron microscopic description. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 40: 755-764.
• [107] Munoz P., Palenzuela O., Alvarez-Pelitero P., Sitja-Bobadilla A. 1999. Comparative studies on carbohydrates of several myxosporean parasites of using lectin histochemical methods. Folia Parasitologica 46: 241-247.
• [108] Quaglio F., Delgado M.L., Caffara M., Florio D., Marcer F., Fioravanti M.L., Restani R. 2002. Histopathological observations in marine farmed fish infected by Myxosporidia. II Osservazioni istopatologiche in pesci marini d’allevamento affetti da mixosporidiosi. II Bulletino dela Societa Italiana di Patologia Ittica 14: 44-67.
• [109] Lubat V., Radujkovic B., Marques A., Bouix G. 1989. Parasites des poissons marins du Montenegro: Myxosporidies. Acta Adriatica 30: 31-50.
• [110] Yurakhno V.M. 1993. New data of the fauna of myxosporidians from fishes of the Black Sea. Parazitologiya 27: 320-326/
• [111] Eiras J.C., Abreu P.C., Robaldo R., Pereira Junior J. 2007. Myxobolus platanus n. sp. (Myxosporea, Myxobolidae), a parasite of Mugil platanus Gunther, 1880 (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) from Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 59: 895-898.
• [112] Yemmen C., Ktari M.H., Bahri S. 2012. Parasitofauna of some mugilid and soleid fish species from Tunisian lagoons. Acta Adriatica 52: 173-182.
• [113] Sitjà-Bobadilla A., Alvarez-Pellitero P. 1995. Light and electron microscopic description of Polysporoplasma n. g. (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida), Polysporoplasma sparis n. sp. from Sparus aurata (L.), and Polysporoplasma mugilis n. sp. from Liza aurata L. European Journal of Protistology 31:77-89.
• [114] Sitjà-Bobadilla A., Alvarez-Pellitero P. 1996. Virus-like particles in Polysporoplasma mugilis (Protozoa: Myxosporea), parasitic in a marine fish (Liza aurata L.). International Journal of Parasitology 26: 457-459.
• [115] Sitjà-Bobadilla A., Alvarez-Pellitero P. 1994. Revised classification and key species of the genus Sphaerospora Davies, 1917 (Protozoa: Myxosporea). Research and Reviews in Parasitology 54: 67-80.
• [116] Narasimhamurti C.C., Kalavati C. 1979. Kudoa tetraspora n. sp. (Protozoa: Myxosporidea: Protozoa) parasitic in the brain tissue of Mugil cephalus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India 88: 85-89.
• [117] Faye N., Kpatcha K., Fall M., Toguebaye B.S. 1997. Heart infections due to myxosporean (Myxozoa) parasites in marine and estuarine fishes from Senegal. Bulletin of The European Association of Fish Pathologists 17: 115-117.
• [118] Padros F., Palenzuela O., Hispano C., Tosas O., Zarza C., Crespo S., Alvarez-Pellitero P. 2001. Myxidium leei (Myxozoa) infections in aquariumreared Mediterranean fish species. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 47: 57-62.
• [119] Sarkar N.K. 1989. Myxobolus anili sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from a marine teleost fish Rhinomugil corsula Hamilton. Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Calcutta) 42: 71-74.
• [120] Yurakhno V.M., Ovcharenko M.O., Holzer A.S., Sarabeev V.L., Balbuena J.A. 2007. Kudoa unicapsula n. sp. (Myxosporea: Kudoidae) a parasite of the Mediterranean mullets Liza ramada and L. aurata (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Parasitology Research 101: 1671-1680.
• [121] Narasimhamurti C.C., Kalavati C. 1979. Myxosoma lairdi n.sp. (Protozoa: Myxosporidia) parasitic in the gut of the estuarine fish Liza macrolepis Smith. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India 88: 269-272.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17420/ap6104.12