Intensity of melanin-based color and risk of predation in the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

• Autorzy: Galvan I. , Nielsen J. T. , Moller A. P.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Presja drapieżnicza a ubarwienie upierzenia opartego o melaninę u dymówki

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Predators are supposed to exert strong selection pressures on their prey, especially when phenotypic traits such as secondary sexual characters promote mating success at the expense of costs in terms of natural selection. Signaling theory predicts that individuals of superior phenotypic quality will enjoy an advantage in term of mating success, but also in term of natural selection, if such individuals are in prime condition both before and after development of exaggerated secondary sexual characters. We tested this prediction in the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica being preyed upon by the Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, using extensive samples of feathers from prey and non-prey. We measured tail length and coloration of outermost tail feathers in the black area of the proximal and distal part of tail feathers, but also the white spot of the tail feathers. Prey had significantly less dark distal, but not proximal parts of their tails, while there was no difference in coloration of the white spot between prey and non-prey. Prey had significantly paler tail feathers than non-prey, especially among long-tailed individuals. These results suggest that Barn Swallows with long tails that fail to deposit large amounts of melanin in their tail feathers run an elevated risk of predation.

PL

W pracy testowano hipotezę, że drapieżnictwo krogulca na dymówkach związane jest kolorem ich sterówek (odpowiadają za niego głównie barwniki melaninowe), który może być wyznacznikiem jakości osobnika. Zbierano pióra dymówek, które padły ofiarą krogulca, oraz od żywych ptaków z pobliskiej kolonii lęgowej. Mierzono długość oraz, na podstawie spektrofotometrii, kolor najbardziej zewnętrznych sterówek (Fig. 1). Kolor piór analizowano dla trzech części — wewnętrznej (bliższej dutki), zewnętrznej, oraz przedzielającej je białej plamy (Tab. 1). Pióra, które na podstawie pomiarów spektrofotometrycznych standardowo uznaje się za bardziej jaskrawe, zawierały mniej barwników melaninowych, i w tym znaczeniu określane były w pracy jako bledsze. Stwierdzono, że osobniki, które padły ofiarą krogulca miały bledszą część zewnętrzną sterówek, przy czym różnica ta była silniej zaznaczona w grupie ptaków o długości ogona powyżej mediany (Fig. 2). Nie było natomiast różnic w jaskrawości ubarwienia dla części bliżej dutki, ani dla białych plam (Tab. 1, 2). W grupie ptaków, które padły ofiarą krogulca, istniała dodatnia zależność pomiędzy jaskrawością części zewnętrznej sterówki i długością ogona — ptaki z dłuższymi ogonami miały bledszą część zewnętrzną sterówek. Natomiast w drugiej grupie ptaków oba parametry nie były ze sobą powiązane (Fig. 3). Ponadto, jaskrawość części wewnętrznej sterówek była ujemnie skorelowana z długością ogona (Fig. 4). Wyniki pracy wskazują, że u dymówki szczególnie osobniki z długim ogonem (cecha preferowana przez samice w doborze płciowym), które nie są w stanie odłożyć w tych piórach odpowiednio dużo melaniny, ponoszą koszty zwiększonego prawdopodobieństwa schwytania przez drapieżnika.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

colour intensity; colouration; melanin; predation risk; Barn Swallow; Hirundo rustica; sexual selection

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 49
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.47-56,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Galvan I.

• Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, c/ Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
• Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Estacion Biologica de Donana CSIC, c/Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain

autor

Nielsen J. T.

• Espedal 4, Tolne, 9870 Sindal, Denmark

autor

Moller A. P.

• Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systematique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Universite Paris-Sud 11, Batiment 362, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/000164514X682887