Erozja gleb pod różnymi systemami upraw w klimacie monsunowym Wyżyny Meghalaya (Indie) i zapis jej skutków w pokrywach stokowych

• Autorzy: Prokop P.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Soil erosion under different cultivation systems in the monsoonal climate of the Meghalaya Plateau (India) and record of its effects in slope deposits

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The Meghalaya Plateau, located in NE India, forms hilly horst block elevated to about 2000 m a.s.l. In the subtropical monsoonal climate, with strong mean annual rainfall gradient from 11,000 mm in Cherrapunji to 2,200 mm in Shillong and 1,600 mm in Gauhati were developed several cultivation systems. The shifting cultivation is the oldest and predominant system at lower elevations (such near Gauhati). It induces soil loss of about 40 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under cereals and perennial cropping on slopes up to 25-40°. As long as this system has long a cycle which permits forest regrowth on the abandoned fields, the effect of agricultural activity is not visible in the soil profiles. Intensive human activity (near Shillong), resulted in development of the sedentary agriculture, where soil erosion rates of about 55 t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ are observed under potato cultivation. Radiocarbon dates of colluvial deposits in this area indicate intensification of agricultural human activity from at least 200-300 years. Closer to the southern margin of the plateau (near Cherrapunji), high monsoonal rainfall combined with cultivation in the past caused transformation of forest to grassland. The erosion below 2 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ indicates that compact pavement of soil and root grass system has exerted a greater control over the sediment transfer than the energy impact of the rainfall and overland flow. Only wet rice cultivation in populated valleys and creation of terraces does not threat the environment. Various forms of agriculture and accelerated soil erosion lead to the gradual retreat of cultivated fields from high to low rainfall areas on the Meghalaya Plateau.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Indie; Wyzyna Meghalaya; erozja gleb; gleby; uprawy; klimat monsunowy; pokrywy stokowe; opady atmosferyczne; tereny rolnicze

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Prace i Studia Geograficzne
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 45
• Opis fizyczny: s.49-66,tab.,wykr.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Prokop P.

• Zakład Geomorfologii i Hydrologii Gór i Wyżyn, Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania - Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków

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