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Czasopismo

Acta Agrobotanica

2019 | 72 | 2 |

Tytuł artykułu

Epichloe (formerly Neotyphodium) fungal endophytes increase adaptation of cool-season perennial grasses to environmental stresses

Autorzy

Malinowski D.P. , Belesky D.P.

Treść / Zawartość

Pełne teksty:
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Warianty tytułu

PL
Epichloe (dawniej Neotyphodium) grzybowe endofyty zwiększają adaptacje traw zimotrwałych do stresów środowiskowych

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Many cool-season grass species have evolved with asexual, nonsymptomatic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) of the family Clavicipitaceae. These associations range from parasitic to mutualistic and have dramatic effects on grass host chemistry, increasing resistance to abiotic (drought, soil mineral imbalance) and biotic (vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory, nematodes, plant pathogens, plant competition) stresses. Native endophyte strains produce a range of bioprotective alkaloid and other nonalkaloid secondary compounds, several of them known to have detrimental effects on grazing animals. In the past two decades, epichloid endophyte strains have been selected with marginal or no capacity of producing ergot and/or lolitrem alkaloids. These novel endophyte strains have been introduced to several grass cultivars with the idea to increase grass host resistance to abiotic stresses without hindering grazing livestock, and abiotic stresses to ensure high competitive ability of symbiotic grass cultivars. In this presentation, we discuss mechanisms underlying the competitiveness of epichloid endophyte/grass associations and consequences of endophyte infection for grassland ecosystem functions.
PL
W trakcie ewolucji, wiele gatunków traw zimotrwałych ukształtowało symbiozy z bezpłciowymi, bezobjawowymi grzybowymi endofytami z rodzaju Epichloë (dawniej Neotyphodium ) z rodziny Clavicipitaceae. Zależności pomiędzy tymi organizmami obejmują zarówno relacje pasożytnicze jak i mutualistyczne, i mają ogromny wpływ na szlaki metaboliczne traw, np. zwiększają odporność na wiele stresów środowiskowych (susza, zaburzenia równowagi mineralnej w glebie) i biotycznych (uszkodzenia liści przez zwierzęta kręgowe i bezkręgowe, pasożytnicze nicienie, patogeny i konkurencję z innymi roślinami). Niektóre szczepy endofytów wytwarzają szereg alkaloidów i innych wtórnych związków chemicznych, które mogą mieć szkodliwy wpływ na zwierzęta wypasane na symbiotycznych trawach. W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad zostały wyizolowane szczepy endofytów, które nie produkują związków chemicznych szkodliwych dla zwierząt, tj. alkaloidy z grupy ergot czy lolitrem. Te nowe szczepy endofitów zostały wprowadzone do kilku odmian traw pastwiskowych z myślą o zwiększeniu ich odporności na stresy środo- wiskowe, ale bez negatywnego wpływu na wypasane zwierzęta hodowlane w celu zapewnienia wysokiej zdolności konkurowania symbiotycznych odmian traw z chwastami. W niniejszej pracy omawiamy mechanizmy odpowiedzialne za większą zdolność konkurencyjną symbiotycznych traw oraz konsekwencje tej symbiozy dla ekosystemów roślinnych.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Czasopismo

Acta Agrobotanica

Rocznik

2019

Tom

72

Numer

2

Opis fizyczny

Article: 1767 [26 p.], ref.

Twórcy

autor
Malinowski D.P.
  • Texas A&M AgriLife Research, P.O.Box 1658, 11708 Highway 70, South Vernon, TX 76384-1658, USA
autor
Belesky D.P.
  • Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 1082 Agricultural Sciences Building, P.O.Box 6108, 101 Research Way, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA

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10.5586/aa.1767

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bwmeta1.element.agro-09103645-ce44-4759-8658-ada5fd7208c6
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