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Investigations were conducted on the level of fatty acids in the livers of young and old cattle infected with Fasciola hepatica. Group I constituted livers with insignificantly thickened bile ducts; group II - livers with significantly thickened bile ducts, focuses of calcification and parenchymatouse degeneration of the liver; group III - livers with calcified bile ducts, isolated abscesses and lipids degeneration of the liver. Livers without invasion of Fasciola hepatica served as a control group. Sixteen fatty acids were determined in the livers: 5 saturated acids (C14:0, C15:0, C17:0, C18:0, C16:0), 6 essential unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2, C18:3, C20:2, C20:3, C20:4, C22:6), as well as 5 other unsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C17:1, C18:1, C20:l). Changes in the fatty acid level depended on the age of the investigated cattle. In the livers of young cattle a statistically significant (p< 0.05) increase in the level of the margaroleic acid (C17:1) was observed, while in older cattle there was an increase in the levels of the following acids: palmitic acid (C16:0), myristic acid (C14:0), margaroleic acid (C17:1), as well as a decrease in the levels of stearic acid (C18:0), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2).
In accordance with the lack of immunological studies concerning hares infected with EBHS virus, the aim of this study was to observe the dynamics of chosen indices of non-specific immunity altered with cidal capacity of PMN cells and the amount of lyzosyme in rabbits infected with EBHS virus. The studies were conducted to show replication of EBHS virus in the immune system in rabbits. The results of the studies in these animals have shown that EBHS virus replicates in rabbit’s cells, proving the brake through of the species barrier in rabbits, which during the course of this infection causes the activation of leucocytes resulting in an increased amount of LZM in serum.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of hematological and biochemical indices in control pigs and pigs vaccinated against Aujeszky`s disease (AD) and afterwards challenged with virulent Herpes virus suis type 1 (SHV-1). The study was performed using 21 Large White pigs, divided into three equal groups. Two groups were vaccinated intramuscularly or intradermally twice at 12 and 16 weeks of age with live attenuated deleted Porcilis Begonia (Intervet) vaccine. The third group was left as the non-vaccinated control group. Ten weeks after the first vaccination all pigs were challenged with a virulent NIA-3 strain of SHV-1 at a dose of 10⁵’⁵TCID₅₀/ml by instilling 0.5 ml of the virus suspension into each nostril. Blood for hematological and biochemical examinations was taken from the vena cava cranialis from four randomly chosen individuals of each group on the day of infection and next on day 3, 7, 14 and 21 after infection. The following indices were evaluated: hematological (RBC, WBC, Plt, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCHC) and biochemical (glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, creatinine, Ca, P, ALP, and LDH). The study indicated that, apart from clinical signs characteristic for AD which were observed mainly in the control pigs, experimental infection with virulent SHV-1 does not have a significant influence on the dynamics of the evaluated indices. The results obtained in both the vaccinated as well as control pigs generally fitted within the range of admitted reference values, although statistically significant differences were found in some indices both within and between groups. The greatest decrease in the examined indices was observed 3 to 7 days after infection in the control group and concerned RBC, Hb, Ht, as well as ALP and LDH activity. This decrease correlated to the intensity of clinical signs following infection and the dynamics of CRP and IFN-γ levels as well as indices of non-specific cellular immune response.
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. It is a causative agent of mouse pox in genetically sensitive mice strains of H-2ᵈ (e.g. BALB/c) and H-2ᵃ (eg.A, A/J) haplotypes. Mouse pox virus is a well recognized model for studying generalized viral infections in natural hosts. The aim of this study was to determine the role of heat shock proteins (namely hsp90, hsp70 and hsp2) during the replication of the Moscow strain of ECTV (ECTV-MOS) in BALB/c mice. The internal organs of mice are important sites for primary virus replication whereas ECTV penetration into the brain may seriously influence mechanisms supervising immune and nervous systems cooperation. Based on studies carried out in BALB/c mice infected with ECTV-MOS, it was found that the hsp (hsp90, hsp70 and hsp27) expression in brain cells reach peak values during the incubation period and clinical manifestation of mouse pox but the relative numbers of hsp⁺ cells in the brains decreased during the recrudescence of the infection to values observed in the control mice. The high expression of hsp (hsp90, hsp70 and hsp27) on oligodendrocytes in BALB/c mice during the incubation and clinical periods may reflect the protective action of heat shock proteins within the brain.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe and highly infectious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Differentiating FMDV-infected animals from those that have merely been vaccinated is important for international and local trade of live animals, FMD control programs and in particular for eradication campaigns where emergency vaccinations have been applied. Several diagnostic tests have been developed to distinguish between these animals and are all based on detecting antibodies for non-structural proteins (NSPs) of FMDV. These assays have been described using either panels of proteins or individual proteins 3D, 2C, 3AB1 or 3ABC. The response to 3ABC and its cleavage products (mainly 3AB, 3A and 3B) seem to be the most reliable indices of infection. There are four commercially available tests for antibodies to FMDV NSPs: CHEKIT FMD-3ABC (Bommeli AG, Switzerland), Ceditest FMDV-NS (Cedi-Dignostics, B.V. the Netherlands), SVANOIR FMDV 3ABC-Ab ELISA (Svanova Biotech AB, Sweden) as well as UBI FMDV NSP ELISA (United Biomedical, Inc., USA). These kits have been validated to some extent but need to be harmonized and standardized against a set of standards which should cover different epidemiological situations.
Badania przeprowadzono w trzech stadach krów w południowo-zachodniej Polsce. Materiał liczbowy stanowiły dane o 805 krowach rasy cb oraz mieszańców z bydłem hf. Przeprowadzono analizę statystyczną uwzględniając następujące źródła zmienności: wiek pierwszego ocielenia, wpływ buhaja w grupie genetycznej krów, ojca, stada oraz zakażenia białaczką. W rezultacie przeprowadzonych badań nie udowodniono wpływu stanu zdrowotnego krów (BLV+ oraz BLV-) na poziom ich mleczności.
The purpose of the study was to analyse the genetic diversity of Polish EAV isolates. Genetic variability can lead to increased virulence of isolates and to significant changes in EAV antigen properties influencing the results of laboratory testing. Studies on genetic modifications of viral genomes as well as on the phylogenetic affinity of strains have facilitated the investigation of viral evolution. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on 32 isolates that were isolated from the semen of asymptomatic virus-shedding stallions originating from 8 national studs. These isolates were compared with 15 reference EAV strains commonly used in phylogenesis. On the basis of the nucleotide sequence analysis of ORF5 gene encoding GP5 glycoprotein it was shown that Polish EAV isolates belonged to two subgroups and demonstrated the closest relationship to the European strains. None of these strains had any relationship to the first Polish strain Wroclaw-2 isolated in 1976. The homology of ORF5 nucleotide and predicted GP5 amino-acid sequences of Polish isolates attained a level of 81.2-99.0% and 90.1-99.4% respectively. Analyzing the genetic diversity of ORF5 facilitated the conducting of retrospective epizootic investigations.
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