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Right side heart failure occurs in dogs less frequently than left side heart failure. It causes serious hemodynamic sequelae in the form of peripheral stasis with transudates to body cavities, as well as causing stasis edema of parenchymal organs and their defective functioning. The study material included 10 dogs subjected to euthanasia due to clinical signs of the end-stage of right side heart failure. The animals underwent morphological and biochemical blood tests as well as heart and abdominal USG. Autopsies were carried out and liver samples were collected for histopathological assessment. The preparations were stained by the following methods: hematoxyline-eosine (HE), Van Gieson and Mallory. All the examined dogs manifested typical symptoms of right side heart failure in the form of ascites, quick fatigue and the loss of appetite. Most dogs demonstrated blue mucous membranes and mixed dispnea. The blood tests indicated an increase in leucocytes, GOT, GPT, FA, GGT, total bilirubin and urea levels. In the histopathological examination of liver samples, passive hyperemia and Disse spaces were found in all the cases. Lipid liver parenchyma degeneration was found in 90% of the examined specimens. Fibrosis in portal spaces was detected in 40% of the animals. Summing up, it can be stated that in the histopathological picture of the livers the dominant lesions caused by right side heart failure were lipidosis and passive hyperemia of the organ. This was reflected in the laboratory results of the examined blood serum liver profile parameters indicating inconsiderable liver function disorders.
The paper describes two cases of sarcoids in horses non-responsive to therapeutic procedures. Microscopic examinations of tumor tissue revealed the presence of an evident difference in the degree of collagen fiber synthesis between both examined tumors. The nuclear expression of proliferate antigen Ki 67 was significantly higher in the tumor tissue exhibiting low collagen fiber synthesis. The differences in the microscopic structure between these 2 tumors were reflected in the degree of differentiation between the cells of the tumors. The paper also discussed the ethiopathogenesis of equine sarcoids and the animals’ immune status role in the disease development and progress, as well as the latest methods used in effective sarcoid therapy.
Post mortem diagnosed pathomorphological lesions in adrenals of piglets which had died due to various diseases were described. The severity of degenerative and inflammatory lesions can be attributed to acute adrenal crisis in these piglets. Results of study indicated the possibility of the occurence in piglets of secondary, acute adrenocortical damage, during the course of enteric and pulmonary diseases. These changes could be the direct cause of the pigletsʼ death, because of the severe adrenocortical insufficiency which had developed.
Muscle diseases belong to uncommon diseases in small animals. According to the literature an idiopathic form of that process may be reported as dermatomyositis, eosinophilic myositis and polymyositis. Whereas dermatomyositis and eosinophilic myositis occur mostly in Ehrlichia canis infected dogs and are restricted to masticatory and neck muscles, polymyositis is a generalised disease and the lesions appear in skeletal and heart muscles. In our case the presence of rickettsia was not confirmed and it was of idiopathic origin. Because of its character the process (infiltration of round cells, necrosis, colagenisation) seemed to be caused by immune response of the animal.
Histopathological examinations of the gills are very useful for the evaluation of the effect of toxic substances on fish and are also valuable in diagnosing certain fish diseases and the study of their pathogenesis. Gill external location and its intimate contact with water means that they are liable to damage by any irritant materials dissolved and suspended in the water and are favored infection sites for viruses, bacteria and parasites. Gill gross pathology and histopathological changes caused by various factors were presented and analyzed in respect to certain toxic substances and some pathological microorganism.
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