Przeprowadzono badania tkanek łodygi grochu siewnego (Pisurn sativum L.) odmiany Iłówiecki, uprawianego w kulturach wodnych przy różnych stężeniach cynku: 0, 10, 20 i 50 mg ZnS04 ■ 7H20 na 1 dm3 pożywki. Porównano długość łodygi i systemu korzeniowego w warunkach stresu cynkowego. Stwierdzono, że przy najwyższym stężeniu Zn nastąpiło wydatne zmniejszenie wysokości łodygi (o 14%) przy niewielkich różnicach w długości systemu korzeniowego, który odznaczał się słabszym rozwojem korzeni bocznych. Stwierdzono występowanie chlorozy. Proporcjonalnie do wzrostu stężenia Zn zmniejszeniu uległa średnica łodygi, grubość warstwy miękiszu zieleniowego oraz drewna i łyka w wiązkach przewodzących. Wydatnej redukcji uległa również średnica komórek miękiszu oraz naczyń metaksylemu. Największe zmiany stwierdzono w tkance naczyniowej oraz w miękiszu zieleniowym. Z zaburzeniami w warstwie chlorenchymy jest związane występowanie chlorotycznych odbarwień pędów przy stresie wywołanym nadmiarem cynku.
The studies revealed that the infection with the „limax" group amoebae resulted in the severe changes in the respiratory system: in interstitial pneumonia, the injuries of the bronchi, the bronchioles and the blood vessels. The histopathological examinations showed the focal destruction of the alveoli in case of the mild amoeba invasion while the massive invasion caused the complete destruction of the respiratory epithelium, the blood vessels, the bronchi and the bronchioles. Apart from all the changes in the alveoli, in most cases the significant pulmonary hyperaemia and the numerous blood foci were observed. Moreover, the histopathological changes in the blood vessels, the bronchi and the bronchioles consisting in the epithelial destruction and the laceration of the blood vessel walls and the bronchioles were disclosed.
The physiological and histological changes in Tilapia zillii (Gerv.) after exposure to sublethal concentrations of the effluent of the Egyptian Copper Works have been investigated. The results of acute toxicity test showed that the LC50 was 25 cm3/dm3, which means that this waste water is highly toxic. The results of physiological and histological changes in Tilapia zillii (Gerv.) showed that, fish were under considerable stress during exposure to sublethal doses of this waste water. Physiological response of fish revealed a significant disturbances in respiratory system, fish metabolism, and ionic osmoregulation. Pathological changes attributed to heavy metals were observed in the gills, liver, and kidney. Bioaccumulation of copper was highest in the liver, followed by the gills, and flesh. It is concluded that the waste water of the Egyptian Copper Works was not acceptable to discharge to drainage canal. Moreover, this plant should institute appropriate in-plant control to reduce emission of heavy metals.
The studies were conducted in 2010–2011 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. The aim of the research was to determine the nature and degree of damages and histological changes in celeriac caused by herbicides that are not recommended for application in this crop, such as: bromoxynil, clopyralid, fluroxypyr, MCPA and tribenuron methyl. The herbicides were applied 2–3 weeks after transplanting in the field experiments and in the greenhouse tests at 3–4 leaves stage of celeriac. The herbicides were used at the maximum recommended doses allowed in cultivation of other plant species or reduced to 10 and 2%. Phytotoxicity of herbicides to celeriac was determined during the experiments. The height and biomass of celeriac leaves were measured in the greenhouse tests. Plant material, which had been collected from the experiments, was subjected to macroscopic observation regarding morphological changes of leaves, and microscope evaluation of damages caused to leaf tissues. It has been proved that the examined herbicides can cause damages to celeriac and degree of damages depends on herbicide dose. Clopyralid, fluroxypyr and tribenuron methyl used at the highest doses caused higher crop damages than bromoxynil and MCPA. The symptoms were also observed during histological analysis. High damages of above ground parts of celeriac decreased yields in particular after application of tribenuron methyl and fluroxypyr.