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Studies were conducted in a cow-shed for 309 cows by means of a computerized magnetometer (Geo-Magnetometer BPM 2001 + Geo-Graph BPM 3009 prod. Bio-Physil Mersmann). Some geomagnetic disturbances were found to occur in some stalls. Comparative studies concerned 3 „geopathic” stalls and 3 free from any disturbances. It was found that the cows staying for several months in „geopathic” stalls showed noticeable changes in hair color, which disappeared after transferring the cows to the stalls free from disturbances. Whereas, in healthy cows moved to „geopathic” stalls, similar changes started to appear. Geopathic stalls can be responsible for health disorders in animals.
Losses in animal production caused by unfavourable environmental conditions and facultatively pathogenic bacteria, occurring relatively often as commensals in cattle, swine and poultry, are believed to be higher than those related to pathogens causing diseases irrespectively of environmental conditions, even if these conditions are favourable. Stress plays an essential role in the transition of commensals into pathogens. This review presents up-to-date definitions of stress and mechanisms leading as a consequence of stressors in relation to the microorganisms and the host. Stress thus suppresses the immune system and increases the susceptibility of the animal to infection by releasing neurotransmitters, cytokines and hormones into the circulation or tissues. The most important role is played by catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and by glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone). Additionally a new perspective is presented, indicating that stress-related hormones directly affect the microorganism or the hostpathogen interaction. As a result of stress, which causes neuroendocrine changes, commensals grow faster and generate pathogenic processes. This effect of stress stimulates the development of multifactorial syndromes with symptoms from the intestinal tract or the respiratory system. The above-mentioned examples refer to infections caused by certain serotypes of Escherichia coli, serovars of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni. In conclusion, stress may influence the outcome of common bacterial infections. Since stress leads to serious losses in animal production, the implementation of procedures for preventing stress and ensuring the welfare of food animals from birth to slaughter should be a priority for animal breeders and veterinarians.
The nutrition of highly productive dairy cows is a broad and very specialized area for both science and practice. The understanding of the nutritional influence on bovine health in the peripaturient period is a base for the prevention and therapy of many noninfectious, metabolic as well as some infectious diseases which may frequently occur and coexist during and after delivery in high yielding cows. Physiological changes during the periparturient period arising from calving and lactation and their relationship to metabolic disorders like: negative energy and protein balance, hypoglycemia, ketosis, fatty liver complex, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and abnormality of hormonal, trace elements and vitamin status, are often observed on dairy farms. These health problems ought to be resolved by nutritionists, veterinarians and farmers who have knowledge, a high level of competence and real influence on animals. The metabolic disorders cause metabolic stress in cows that have a great influence on the immune function causing its suppression. Immune suppression around the time of calving causes a significant increase of the clinical cases of retained fetal membranes, metritis, endometritis, mastitis and other infectious diseases in cows. The basic relationships between different diseases that often occur at the periparturient period of highly productive dairy cows are presented in this paper.
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