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The study was carried out in 13 Polish Primitive Horses.Ten of them were subjected to stress and infected with equine influenza virus (the mixture of subtype A-equi/1 and A-equi/2). Three horses were left as controls. The coagulation time by Lee and White method and caolin-kephalin and prothrombin times in plasma citrate were determined with a coagulometer. Concentration of fibrinogen (Quick method) and platelet count (procaine method) were determined as well. The means of the above parameters before and after infection in relation to the values in control animals were compared. The results of the experiment show that the caolin-kephalin and prothrombin times have been shortened in infected horses, the platelet count has been decreased and the concentration of fibrinogen has been increased. The changes in the coagulation system were statistically significant. Thus the results of the experiment have confirmed the hypothesis that in the course of influenza infection disturbances in the coagulation system may occur.
The studies were carried out on 8 horses including two controls. Three nimals were given E. coli endotoxin twice at 24-hour intervals intravenously in a dose of 1.0 (ig/kg of body weight. The other three received the endotoxin 3 times in doses of 0.2 pg and 0.1 pg (after 3 hours) and 0.2 pg after 24 hours. In all six horses the signs of endotoxaemia of a different extent were observed. In the first group (3 horses) only insignificant statistical alterations were noticed regarding blood coagulation indices, while in the second group significant disturbances were found, i.d. a decrease in the number of thrombocytes, an increase of fibrinogen concentrations, the prolongation of the prothrombin and, in some animals, also of coalin-kep- halin times and a drop of AT III activity that indicate the occurrence of DIC syndrome.
Clotting disturbances are well documented in veterinary medicine and associated with bleeding caused by damage of coagulate cascade. Homeostasis is defined as the equilibrium between coagulation and fibrinolysis. It is a complicated physiological process protecting the organism against blood loss. As a result of new immunological technology with high specific and sensitive markers it is possible to detect products of fibrynolysis activation, such as D-dimers. Veterinary literature has published very little about the efficacy of various D-dimer test in dogs and horses in diagnosing and evaluating the increase in fibrynogen degradation products. It has been proven that completing standard parameters (pulse, respiration, PCV and anion gap) estimated in horses with colic by using the D-dimer test as well as assessing the activity of phospolipase A₂, the animal’s life expectancy prognosis is radically improved. Because homeostatic cascade activation occurs due to many clinical causes e.g.: injury, chirurgical operation, neoplasm, heart diseases, pregnancy and in the postpartum period, it seems theoretically reasonable to apply the D-dimer test in order to access early diagnosis of life-dangerous abnormalities such as circulative thrombi in blood vessels.
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