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Wybrane zagadnienia z zakresu patologii włośnicy

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Observations of experimental materiał and results of bioptic investigations of muscles and intestines of humans with trichinellosis as well as the results of post mortem investigations differ from the conventional textbook descriptions. The changes of the organs induced by larvae of T. spiralis are of chronic character and need a long lasting treatment.
Parasitic infestation and atopic diseases have common features. The aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence of Trichinella and Echinococcus seropositivity in children with atopic diseases. The study group involved 72 children aged from 2,5 to 18 years with asthma and allergic rhinitis. The control group comprised 30 children without allergic diseases. In 12 children with atopic diseases the serological tests were positive for Trichinella spiralis, in 11 for Echinococcus spp. and in 5 both for Trichinella and Echinococcus. In control group the serological tests were positive in 3,6 and 3 children respectively. There were no differences in occurrenee of positive results of serological tests in children with atopy and children without alillergic diseases.
Backround. Since Owen first described Trichinella as a human patogen in 1835, the number of organisms comprising this genus has grown dramatically. This etiological agent of human trichinellosis shows worldwide distribution in domestic and/or sylvatic animals. Material and method. The aim of the presented paper was to determine the distribution of Trichinella species in wild animals such as red foxes, wolves, wild boars, and domestic pigs in Poland. Muscle samples from diaphragm and forelegs were collected from animals killed by hunters. Muscle larvae were recovered from the muscle after artificial digestion and identified at the species level by RAPD, PCR-RPLF and multiplex PCR. Results. Of 75 nematode isolates from red foxes: (Vulpes vulpes), 50 resulted as T. britovi, 6 T. spiralis, 6 were mixed infections of these two species. Fifteen Trichinella isolates remained unidentified. Of 97 nematode isolates from wild boars (Sus scrofa), 21 resulted as T. britovi, 69 T. spiralis, 2 were mixed infections of these two species. Five Trichinella isolates remained unidentified. Of 6 examined wolves (Canis lupus) killed in the Bieszczady region, 3 animals were positive against T. britovi. Of 6 examined raccon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Pomorskie region, 2 animals were positive against T. spiralis. Of 21 nematode isolates from domestic pigs, 1 resulted as T. britovi and 21 as T. spiralis. Up to date, two Trichinella species are detected as the etiological agents of epidemiology among domestic and wildlife animal in Poland: T. britovi is the dominant species in red foxes and T. spiralis is the dominant species in wild boars and domestic pigs.
The influence of Nalcrom (sodium cromoglycate) on the cource of the intestinal phase of trichinellosis in mice was investigated. The animals infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae were treated with Nalcrom between 7-20 or 3-20 days after infection (d.a.i.). The drug was administered in two doses: 0,6 or 1, 7 mg/mouse/day. In the all groups of animals received Nalcrom higher number of mast cells and eosinophilis than in the control groups was observed. These results are the opposite of those obtained with Nalcrom in ulcerative colitis in man.
At the first experiment 20 Swiss male mice were infected with 100 larvae and 20 mice with 500 larvae T. spiralis per mouse. Two days after infection (d.a.i.) mice orally received 1,5 mg Cd (water solution CdCl₂) each. 40 mice were infected only T. spiralis as conrol. At the second experiment muscle larvae used were isolated from mice (from the first experiment) which received Cd. 20 mice were infected with 100 larvae and 20 - with 500 larvae per mouse. Two d.a.i. mice received 1,5 mg Cd. Mice fom both experiments were killed at 5, 10, 20 and 42 d.a.i. Total number of adult T. spiralis worms present in the small intestine and muscle larvae were recovered by conventional technique. Results of the first experiment: the number of adult worms and muscle larvae recovered from mice received Cd. were statistically significant lower as in control. Results of the second experiment the mean number of adult worms in experimental group and in control were the same but the mean number of larvae per gram of mice muscle were significant higher as in control.
B6C3F₁ mice were infected with 200 or 500 larvae of Trichinella spiralis per mouse and pulmonary NK cell-mediated clearance of semisyngeneic tumour cells was determined in vivo on days 10, 20, 30, and 60 after the infection. Cytotoxic activity of NK cells in the lungs was substantially elevated on days 20 and 30 after challenge with both „doses" of the parasite. At the same time large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) as well as cells expressing surface asialo-GM₁ molecules were isolated in elevated numbers from spleens of the infected as opposed to the normal mice. Expression of other markers of differentiation, such as THy 1, CD4, and CD8 was also enhanced on splenocytes isolated from the infected mice on day 30 but not 20 after administration of the larvae. The present results indicate that NK cell-mediated activity in vivo is stimulated above the baseline level during migration and early muscle phases of the infection with T. spiralis in mice. The possible impact of this effect upon the course of trichinellosis as well as upon the growth of tumours in the infected host is discussed.
Morphometric investigations (using the convergence analysis method) of geometric parameters of nuclei and nucleoli of transformed muscle cells were carried in mice 15 days, 30 days and 6 month after infection with T. spiralis larvae. The analysis showed the largest increase of investigated the parameters of 15th day after the infection. The results of morphometric analysis are in agreement with the morphologic, ultrastructural and histochemical observations (published in I and II part) as for as functional changes of muscle cells in various stages of trichinellosis are concerned.
The diagnostic value of same enzymatic biochemical tests in trichinellosis was evalued, the usefulness of LDH iso⁻⁴ and iso⁻⁵ quantitative estimations being especially stressed.
W pracy przeprowadzono ocenę aktywności ATP-azowej i fosfatazowej błony śluzowej jelita cienkiego myszy, które zatruwano dożołądkowo azotynem sodowym przed oraz w trakcie rozwoju włośnicy.
Food contamination, especially related to animals, with infectious pathogens and toxins is one of the most serious health problems. This phenomenon is intensified in third world countries, but the constant movement of people from this region to highly industrialized countries shifts the local problem to the global scale. The development of international trade and tourism also contributes to it.
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