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The restriction enzyme analysis of III/2D and 6/42 strains and selected variants III/2D, III/2M, 6/42D and 6/42M selected at the presence of specific antibodies has been carried out. One additional fragment of 24 kbp was found after DNA digestion of the III/2D variant with Hind III enzyme. Electrophoretic patterns of DNA of the III/2D variant after digestion with Pst I and Eco RI enzymes revealed the lack of 6.2 kbp and 12.7 kbp fragments confirming the shifting of cleavage sites compared with parental DNA of the III/2 strain. No shifts in cleavage sites were observed in the case of Ш/2М, 6/42D and 6/42M DNAs. The data suggested that the increased resistance to nautralization with polyclonal antibody of the III/2D could result from genotype mutation.
Restriction enzyme analysis has been done for the DNA Agille and III/3 strains of the BHV 1 virus, and variants selected from these strains after neutralization with polyclonal antibodies. It has been shown that the electrophoretic pattern of DNA of the 8/-2 variant which was selected from the Agille strain and which has had higher resistance to neutralization to antibodies has been identical to the electrophoretic pattern of the Agille parent strain. This may suggest that the higher resistance to neutralization of the 8/-2 variant has been a results of phenotype variability. No difference between eletrophoretic patterns of the III/3 strain and variants III/3D and III/3H has been discovered. Digestion with Hind III, Pst I, Bam HII, Eco RI enzymes differentiate the Agille and III/3 strain.
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a serious infectious disease of pigs which is widespread in Europe. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) belongs to the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. The aim of this work was the genetic characterization of CSFV strains derived from different countries. In the first stage of the study a fragment of glycoprotein E2 coding region of 114 strains representing different countries was analyzed. The analysis indicated a separation of the strains into 2 major subgroups, I and II. Subgroup I contains a majority of non-European and a few Asian isolates. All Central European strains were branched in subgroup II. In the second stage of the study a fragment of 5'UTR of 46 Central European strains was analyzed. Both analyses showed that these strains could be subdivided into two minor subgroups, IIA1 and IIA2. While all analyzed Slovakian and Hungarian strains are closely related to Western European ones belonging to subgroup IIA1, among Polish strains are representives of both subgroups. The majority, together with the Estonian strain, was grouped in IIA2. Three strains from the south-east region of Poland were grouped in IIA1 together with Slovakian and Hungarian isolates.
Repulsion of superinfecting virions toward uninfected cells is the mechanism for rapid virus spread. Bornavirus gene sequences have been endogenized repeatedly during mammalian evolution what implicates bornaviruses as a source of genetic novelty in their hosts. Origin of HeLa cells. Direct evidence in support of the prion hypothesis. Inflammatory component of innate immunity may foster carcinogenesis. Newly identified cell population of innate immunity found in fat-associated lymph clustere (FALCs) scattered along the blood vessels in the peritoneal mesentery.
The 8th Report of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) contains a rational, satisfying and useful taxonomic structure of viruses infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, fungi, protozoa, algae, bacteria, archea, mycoplasma, and plants. It facilitates communication among virologists around the world and enriches our understanding of virus biology. Data presented in this article concern taxonomy of viruses infecting vertebrates.
The article presents the current state of knowledge on the taxonomy of the genus Lyssavirus. Viruses belonging to Rhabdoviridae family cause acute encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) which almost irrevocably results in death. The best known representative of this genus is the rabies virus, which until the 1950s was regarded as unique. The use of serological and molecular methods allowed for the discovery a number of new lyssaviruses and the introduction of new terminology regarding the genus Lyssavirus on the basis of various criteria proposed by ICTV was needed. Currently, the Lyssavirus genus includes 14 species, but taking into account the number of new species discovered in recent years it can be hypothesized that such variations may increase in the future, adding new members.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an important animal pathogen that belongs to the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family and infects cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals. Seven serotypes (A, O, C, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3) have been identified serologically, and multiple subtypes occur within each serotype. FMDV enters cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. By electron microscopy the FMD virion appears to be a round particle with a smooth surface and a diameter of about 25 nm. The FMD viral particle contains a positive-strand RNA genome of about 8500 nucleotides, enclosed within a protein capsid. The virus capsid is made up from 60 copies each of four virus-encoded proteins VP1 to VP4. The FMDV genome is composed of the 5’ non-translated region (5’NTR), the coding region, and the 3’ non-translated region (3’NTR). The genome encodes a single polyprotein, from which the different viral polypeptides are derived by viral proteases. FMDV populations are genetically and anti-genetically heterogeneous. FMDV have very high mutation rates.
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