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Classical swine fever (CSF) is a serious infectious disease of pigs which is widespread in Europe. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) belongs to the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. The aim of this work was the genetic characterization of CSFV strains derived from different countries. In the first stage of the study a fragment of glycoprotein E2 coding region of 114 strains representing different countries was analyzed. The analysis indicated a separation of the strains into 2 major subgroups, I and II. Subgroup I contains a majority of non-European and a few Asian isolates. All Central European strains were branched in subgroup II. In the second stage of the study a fragment of 5'UTR of 46 Central European strains was analyzed. Both analyses showed that these strains could be subdivided into two minor subgroups, IIA1 and IIA2. While all analyzed Slovakian and Hungarian strains are closely related to Western European ones belonging to subgroup IIA1, among Polish strains are representives of both subgroups. The majority, together with the Estonian strain, was grouped in IIA2. Three strains from the south-east region of Poland were grouped in IIA1 together with Slovakian and Hungarian isolates.
With immunofluorescence techniques large foci are visible in frozen sections of the tonsils and spleen of pigs infected with virulent strains of HCV. Low or moderate-virulent strains induce small, weakly fluorescent foci under the same conditions. This sometimes causes diagnostic problems. Therefore, under such conditions, isolation of virus in cell cultures should be applied for HC diagnosis. The culture might be examined for the presence of HCV by direct IFT using immunoenzymatic methods (PLA). The usefulness of the PLA for the diagnosis of HC was compared with IFT. Forty samples of tonsils, spleens and kidneys were collected from 10 pigs experimentally infected and from 5 field cases of HC. Isolation was performed on rapidly growing PK-15 cells seeded in flat bottomed microtitre plates. The cultures after 48 h were fixed and stained with hiperimmune porcine HC antiserum and after that with anti-porcine IgG-HRPO conjugate. The results were read microscopically using 50 X magnification. The results were considered positive if stained reddish-brown infected cells were detected. The applied immunoenzymatic method enables the detection of HCV in all samples, from experimentally infected pigs and field cases of HC. Using IFT, in some cases, it was difficult to determine exactly the results of examination.
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a serious infectious disease of pigs which is widespread in Europe. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) belongs to the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. The aim of this work was the application of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the differentiation of pestiviral infections of swine. Sixteen strains of BVDV and 59 strains of CSFV were used in the study. Total RNA was extracted by the Chomczynski method. After reverse transcription of viral RNA, cDNA was amplified using two sets of PCR primers. One set was constructed to detect all pestiviruses, by selecting primers from the highly conservative 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) of the pestivirus genome. The other set was constructed to detect CSFV strains only, by selecting primers from the E2 coding region. All the pestivirus strains used were detected by PCR with primers from 5’UTR. Only CSFV strains were detected by PCR with primers from E2. The sensitivity of the assay was from 0.1 to 10 TCID₅₀.
The aim of the experiment was a FACS analysis of the immune response of porcine leukocyte populations involved in the infection of piglets caused by virulent, low virulent and vaccine strains of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Twenty piglets were infected with Washington (W), Alfort (A) and Cellpest (C) strains of CSFV, respectively. The peripheral blood populations of leukocytes were analysed by the following set of specific monoclonal antibodies; anti-CD45, CD14, CD2, CD4, CD8, CD4-CD8-TcRγδ+, and anti CD19. Typical clinical and anatomopathological symptoms of CSFV infections were observed in piglets infected with W and A strains, the atenuated vaccine strain did not cause viraemia. In groups infected with W and A strains 40% and 20% of the piglets died, respectively. This was accompanied by a significant change of the leukocyte population. The percentage of lymphocytes decreased significantly 72 hrs after infection. Moreover, lymphopenia, the decreased number of В and T lymphocytes, as well as monocyte and trombocyte populations were observed. Contrary to those, the percent of granulocytes gradually increased. The number of the erytrocytes and the measured parameters of the red blood cells were not significantly different in comparison with the control piglets. At the beginning of the infection the percentage of Th and observed TcRγδ+ lymphocytes increased, then 96 hrs later gradually decreased, while Ts population increased till day 11 of the experiment. Piglets infected with atenuated strain reacted differently, compared with groups infected with W and A strains: an increased number of leucocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, trombocytes, as well as В lymphocytes were observed. The influence of the experimental infection on cell immunity were demonstrated by the increased number of T lymphocytes, especially Th population and decreased number of Ts population. The results observed during the experimental infections pf piglets indicate that the immunological response varied greatly depending on the virulency of the strain used for inoculating the swine.
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