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The restriction enzyme analysis of III/2D and 6/42 strains and selected variants III/2D, III/2M, 6/42D and 6/42M selected at the presence of specific antibodies has been carried out. One additional fragment of 24 kbp was found after DNA digestion of the III/2D variant with Hind III enzyme. Electrophoretic patterns of DNA of the III/2D variant after digestion with Pst I and Eco RI enzymes revealed the lack of 6.2 kbp and 12.7 kbp fragments confirming the shifting of cleavage sites compared with parental DNA of the III/2 strain. No shifts in cleavage sites were observed in the case of Ш/2М, 6/42D and 6/42M DNAs. The data suggested that the increased resistance to nautralization with polyclonal antibody of the III/2D could result from genotype mutation.
Restriction enzyme analysis has been done for the DNA Agille and III/3 strains of the BHV 1 virus, and variants selected from these strains after neutralization with polyclonal antibodies. It has been shown that the electrophoretic pattern of DNA of the 8/-2 variant which was selected from the Agille strain and which has had higher resistance to neutralization to antibodies has been identical to the electrophoretic pattern of the Agille parent strain. This may suggest that the higher resistance to neutralization of the 8/-2 variant has been a results of phenotype variability. No difference between eletrophoretic patterns of the III/3 strain and variants III/3D and III/3H has been discovered. Digestion with Hind III, Pst I, Bam HII, Eco RI enzymes differentiate the Agille and III/3 strain.
The purpose of the study was to assess the health status of bulls in semen collection centers in Poland in relation to BHV1 infection. Bovine herpes virus type 1 is one of the most frequently isolated viruses in bulls semen causing vulvovaginitis in cows and balanoposthitis in bulls, bovine rhinotracheitis, conjunctivitis and miscarriages. Periodical declines in semen quality may be observed in bulls infected with BHV1 and the latter, just like other herpes viruses can cause latent lifelong infections. Latent infections are reactivated under stress conditions - shedding of the virus reappear and are periodical and irregular in time. No clinical signs are observed in latently infected bulls. BHV1 infected bulls should be considered as carriers and shedders of the virus throughout the whole period of semen collection. Many countries have set standards in their veterinary requirements for collecting bull semen in order to eliminate the spread of BHV1 infection during artificial insemination. In EU countries these requirements are included in Council Directives 88/407/EEC and 2003/ 43/EC. Poland has enforced an equivalent law in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of 27.04.2004. The results of the study confirmed that bulls in AI centers are free from BHV1 infection.
The purpose of the studies was to assess the spread of BHV-1 infection in dairy cows. Clinical, virological and serological examinations were carried out in two stages within four years. Numerous clinical and asymptomatic cases of pustular vulvovaginitis were found in the herds under study. Serologic results showed that all the herds were infected (4.9 - 56.6%). The findings revealed a higher dynamics of infection spread in herds with low numbers of infected animals than in those with a high percentage of cows having specific antibodies against BHV-1. The results indicated that most cows aged 3-5 years had SN antibodies against BHV-1.
The aim of this study was to determine the subtype of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) strains currently circulating in the cattle population in Poland. Altogether 224 nasal swabs, 36 lung tissue samples and 14 samples of fluid after embryo washing in cows were tested by virus isolation test. Five field strains of BHV1 were isolated. These isolates as well as 4 archival and 2 reference strains of BHV1 were subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. Viral DNA was cleaved with Hind III, Hpa I and Pst I enzymes. After digestion with Hind III typical patterns for BHV1.1 subtype were observed in all field strains. Among archival strains 2 belonged to BHV1.1 and 2 others to B-HV1.2a subtype. These findings were confirmed by digestion with other enzymes. The presented study showed that strains of BHV1.1 subtype are dominant in cattle in Poland.
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