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The work aimed at the determination of the species composition as well as the intensity and prevalence of the nematode infection of the stomach of wild ducks (subfamily Anatinae) from NW Poland. The birds acquired for the study (143 specimens) represented three tribes of varied biology and ecology: Anatini, Aythyini and Mergini. The nematodes (1504 specimens, average 10.5 in one duck) were found in the stomachs of 123 wild ducks (86.0% examined birds). The parasitic nematode fauna of the wild duck stomachs was noted to be quite abundant at the level of the host population (6 species: Eustrongylides mergorum, Hystrichis tricolor, Amidostomum acutum, Tetrameres fissispina, Streptocara crassicauda, Echinuria uncinata), though it was considerably plentiful in Anatini (5 species), and scarce in Aythyini (2 species).
Cloacotaenia megalops (Nitzsch in Creplin, 1892) is a polyxenic and cosmopolitan tapeworm from the family Hymenolepididae. Its generic name derives from their typical location (cloaca), and the typical final hosts which are birds typically associated with water and marsh environments: Anseriformes, Galliformes and Gruiformes. In Poland, the presence of C. megalops has been observed so far in 16 species of ducks from the Baltic coast, the Mazurian Lake District, Wielkopolsko-Kujawska Lowland, Mazovian Lowland, and Podlasie Lowland. In Western Pomerania, quantitative structure analyses were only carried out on Anas platyrhynchos, and therefore the aim of this study was the detailed analysis of environmental populations of C. megalops in wild ducks. The examined tapeworms were isolated from the digestive tract of 1005 wild ducks representing 17 species belonging to three different eco-tribes: Anatini (n=225), Aythyini (n=413) and Mergini (n=367), from northwestern Poland. During the study 187 C. megalops were found in 89 birds (8.8% of examined ducks) belonging to 7 species: Anas crecca (common teal), A. querquedula (garganey), A. platyrhynchos (mallard) (Anatini); Aythya ferina (pochard), A. fuligula (tufted duck), A. marila (greater scaup) (Aythyini) and Bucephala clangula (goldeneye) (Mergini). The results show the differences in the quantitative structure of C. megalops among the examined species of ducks. The highest prevalence was found in mallard (18.6%) and the lowest in greater scaup (3.2%). The highest mean intensity was observed in greater scaup (4.0), and the lowest in garganey and common teal (1.0). Relative density was at a similar level in the tested birds. Based on the ratio of dominance, it was found that C. megalops is a rare species in the cestodofauna in the examined birds.
Sarcocystosis of wild ducks, relatively common in North America, has hitherto been recorded only three times in Europe. The present study yielded a single case of macroscopically detected sarcocysts in the skeletal muscles of a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). This finding constitutes the first such record in Poland. A PCR technique was used for identification of the parasite from sarcocysts. The results obtained suggest that the sarcocysts were produced by protozoans, which were the most closely related to Frenkelia glareoli and Sarcocystis neurona (homology of the nucleotide sequences was 96.6% in both cases).
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