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1

Toltrazuril (Baycox vet.) in feed can reduce Ichthyophthirius multifiliis invasion of rainbow trout (Salmonidae)

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Jaafar R. M., Buchmann K.
Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria
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2011
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tom 41
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nr 1
Various compounds have been applied for control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (commonly known as Ich) which is the parasitic pathogen, responsible for the white spot disease, in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. Available methods are based on disinfection of fish tank water, targeting infective free-swimming theronts and escaped tomonts. No legal drug is available and licensed for treatment or prevention of the disease. The presently reported study was performed to test the potential of toltrazuril (Baycox® vet.)—a drug licensed for treatment of coccidial infections in other animal species—to reduce Ich infections when administered orally. Commercial pelleted feed containing 5.0 or 2.5 mg toltrazuril per 1 g of feed was offered to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae), during a three day feeding regime (1% of biomass offered per day). Two trials were performed: one with feeding before exposure to parasites and one where already infected fish were treated. Before the treatment it was tested if fish would eat feed containing different drug concentrations and it was found that feed with the high drug concentration was not eaten by the fish whereas all feed containing 2.5 mg per 1 g feed was eaten. Following the exposure to infective I. multifiliis theronts it was found that the fish treated with toltrazuril before challenge obtained a significantly lower parasite burden (number of trophonts in the skin) compared to untreated control. On the other hand, toltrazuril proved to be ineffective when administered to the fish which were already infected before the treatment.
2

Effects of short- and long-term glucan feeding of rainbow trout (Salmonidae) on the susceptibility to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections

100%
Lauridsen J. H., Buchmann K.
Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria
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2010
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tom 40
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nr 1
Background. Various compounds are being used as immuno-stimulants in various aquaculture feed types but the importance of their prolonged use is at present unknown. It is also true for those intended to modify trout susceptibility to white spot disease caused by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The immuno-modulating effects on rainbow trout of short- and long-term feeding using dry feed with inclusion of beta-glucan (0.2%) have therefore been evaluated. Materials and Methods. The immune reactivity was assessed by measuring susceptibility to I. multifiliis infections and plasma lysozyme in the host, factors which are considered innate response parameters. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae), were fed (control feed or glucan-containing feed) for 14 or 35 days before challenge (exposure to infective I. multifiliis theronts) and the resulting infection (number of trophonts in the skin) was recorded on day 11 post-exposure to theronts. Results. All fish obtained infection following parasite exposure but glucan-fed fish showed a lower infection at day 46 compared to fish fed control-feed. The lysozyme activity of fish plasma was evaluated throughout the experimental period and found slightly but significantly increased in association with glucan-feeding at day 14, 17, and 46. Conclusion. No evidence for an exhaustion of these selected innate response parameters due to prolonged glucan-feeding could be detected within the experimental period of 46 days.
3
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Scanning electron microscope studies on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection in the skin of carp Cyprinus carpio

100%
Antychowicz J., Rogulska A., Zelazny J., Wrobel M.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
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1992
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tom 35
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