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Sklad chemiczny wermikompostow

100%
W 16 wermikompostach wyprodukowanych z obornika bydlęcego i trzody chlewnej oraz różnych odpadów organicznych (z osadów ściekowych z oczyszczalni miejskiej Siedlec i Sokołowa Podlaskiego oraz z mieszaniny tych osadów z różnym dodatkiem trocin i torfu niskiego, a także odpadów przemysłu mięsnego) oznaczono zawartość makroskładników (g·kg⁻¹ s.m.) i mikroskładników (mg·kg⁻¹ s.m.) metodami powszechnie stosowanymi w analizie chemiczno-rolniczej. Zawartość suchej masy i oznaczonych pierwiastków wynosiła średnio i wahała się: sucha masa 787 g·kg⁻¹ wermikompostu (577 - 978); N – (5,7 - 14,6), P – (2,6 - 13,7), K – (2,5 - 10,8), Ca – (11,9 - 62,3), Mg – (2,1 - 6,1), Na – (1,7 - 6,6) g·kg⁻¹ s.m.; Fe – (2107 - 5783), Mn – (172 - 422), Zn – (388 - 935), Cu – (29,5 - 63,0), Cr – (55 - 177), Cd – (0,17 - 1,39), Ni – (4,25 - 9,27) mg·kg⁻¹ s.m.
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The evaluation of different contaminations of vermicomposts produced from organic wastes (manure, sewage sludge and green plant wastes) by helminth eggs was the aim of this paper. In samples of vermicomposts produced from manure the number of helminth eggs (Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp.) was over the permissible level but in samples of vermicomposts produced from green plant wastes this number was in the allowable range. In the case of vermicompost samples produced from sewage sludges no helminth eggs were found. The sanitary status of raw materials used for the production of vermicomposts was the most important factor conditioning their contamination by helminth eggs. For that, the analysis of sanitary status of raw materials should be the main criterion for the evaluation of their suitability for vermicompost production. The thermal and moisture conditions favorable for preservation of helminth eggs vitality prevailed during the vermicomposting processes which does not allow the proper sanitation of the produced vermicomposts.
The introduction of market economy in Poland resulted in emerging of many private companies which, as a result of ever increasing competition, flooded almost every field of the market, including the production of vermicompost. The companies dealing with vermiculture concentrated their activity on an extremely narrow and specialized part of the market and, therefore, their functioning included an element of a high risk. The source of knowledge and practical experience that makes solving problems of vermicompost producers possible is marketing, the rules of which are becoming known more and more commonly to the owners of small companies.
The study was performed in 1995-1997, to assess the effect of fertilisation with vermicompost produced from sewage sediments, on nitrogen balance and utilisation. Two fertiliser kinds were applied: 4 or 8 t ha⁻¹ vermicompost and ammonium nitrate (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha⁻¹ ). Vermicompost applied with ammonium nitrate had a positive influence on the utilisation of nitrogen. When there was insufficient rain the best combination was 4 t ha⁻¹ vermicompost plus 50 kg N as ammonium nitrate, whereas in the case of adequate rain, the 4 t ha⁻¹ vermiculite plus 150 kg N were best. An increase of the vermiculite dose to 8 t ha 1 deceased the utilisation of nitrogen, though it enhanced its balance. When the same dose nitrogen was applied as vermicompost or ammonium nitrate, the utilisation was better from the vermicompost. The yield and the nitrogen balance depended on the meteorological conditions and also on the fertiliser applied. In years of insufficient rain the nitrogen utilisation was lesser than in wet years. In all years of the experiment the utilisation of nitrogen from ammonium nitrate was enhanced by application of 4 t vermiculite per ha, at all levels of fertilisation. The increase of vermicompost to 8 t ha⁻¹ caused no further increase of N utilisation. Considering the amount of nitrogen supplied with the vermicompost it was found that the nitrogen supplied with the vermicompost it was found that the nitrogen balance was achieved at the 150 kg N ha⁻¹ dose in dry conditions and at 200 kg N ha⁻¹ at sufficient soil moisture.
The research was carried out over three months under laboratory conditions. 3 litre pots were filled with garden soil, crumbled straw, sewage sludge and a biomass of duckweed Lemna minor (obtained from the sewage treatment plant at Chmielnik near Rzeszów) in various combinations. Some pots were filled with Eisenia fetida (Sav). Others were treated like a control, without earthworms. All samples were systematically watered. Common research methods were used to analyze the substrate. Vermicomposting of duckweed in every combinations scentless caused its biotransformation and advantageous changes. Produced vermicompost substrates was characterized by good granular structure. Comparing the substrate types after vermicomposting with their initial state it was noticed the reduction of dry matter content. A tendency was also observed to decreasing organic matter and to increasing the ash content after vermicomposting. The contents of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and sodium showed a tendency to increase during vermicomposting as compared to those contents from before the experiment. No changes in the content of phosphorus and potassium after vemicomposting were observed.
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