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The effect of differentiated pre-sow ploughing depth (30, 20 and 10 cm) and weed control method (mechanical, chemical, combined mechanical and chemical) on the overwintering, weed infestation, yield and quality of seeds of oilseed rape was tested. Shallower ploughing worsened the main traits of the autumn condition of rape plants. Rape plants treated chemically had better-formed rosettes than those treated mechanically. Ploughing made to the depth of 30 and 20 cm did not significantly differentiate the yield of rape plants. However, a significant decrease (9-13%) in the yield occurred when the ploughing depth went down to 10 cm. The highest yield was obtained from the rape controlled chemically against weeds. The yield-protective effect of the combined mechanical and chemical weed control was comparable to that of mechanical method.
Biological efficacy of herbicides: propoxycarbazone-sodium (Attribut 70 WG) and sulfosulfuron (Apyros 75 WG) applied with adjuvants was estimated in the field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments. An addition of adjuvants to herbicides Attribut 70 WG and Apyros 75 WG had a positive influence on physical characteristics of tank mixture, herbicidal effect, and the increase of winter wheat grain yield. Ammonium nitrate used as an adjuvant showed the weakest effect. The lowest grain yield was obtained after using the preparations Attribut 70 WG and Apyros 75 WG without adjuvant. Theoil adjuvants, Adbios 85 SL, Aero 030 SL, Atpolan 80 EC and Olbras 88 EC influenced in a similar manner the activity of tested herbicides. Obtained herbicidal effect, the amount of yield and elements of yield structure were differentiated after joint application of herbicides with adjuvants. The herbicides protected plantations of winter wheat against couch grass (Agropyron repens) during the whole vegetative season. However the herbicide Attribut 70 WG was more effective in controlling regrowth of couch grass after harvest, as compared to Apyros 75 WG. On the other hand, Apyros 75 WG controlled somewhat better broadleaf weeds. Also differences in carryover effect occurred. On the sites after propoxycarbazone–sodium application winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape and sugar beet should not be cultivated. On the sites after cereals that were protected against weeds with sulfosulfuron only cultivation of winter oilseed rape should not be recommended, however spring oilseed rape and sugar beet can be grown.
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