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Two selected hairy root lines of Datura, D. innoxia and D. candida x D. aurea were compared for their performance in growth and tropane alkaloid productivity in shake flasks. Specific consumption rate and biomass yield on sucrose and nitrates during the phase of maximum growth were calculated versus changes in liquid medium volume during culture. Growth parameters were found to be better in D. innoxia hairy root cultures than in D. candida x D. aurea. Overall productivity of hyoscyamine in D. innoxia (2.1 mg l-1 d-1) was double that in D. candida x D. aurea (1 mg l-1 d-1). However, hybrid transgenic roots produced 0.5 mg l-1 d-1 of scopolamine. The relationship between water uptake and root growth was studied. During the first days of culture, water was released into the culture medium and then reabsorbed in the root tissue. After that, water uptake on a biomass basis in D. innoxia and D. candida x D. aurea transformed root cultures reached 0.74 and 0.53 ml g-1 FW, respectively. The correlation between biomass accumulation and liquid medium volume could be used as a simple and inexpensive method for indirect estimation of root growth.
Pot experiments were designed to test the applicability of root electrical capacitance measurement for in situ monitoring of root water uptake activity by growing cucumber and bean cultivars in a growth chamber. Half of the plants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while the other half served as non-infected controls. Root electrical capacitance and daily transpiration were monitored during the whole plant ontogeny. Phenology-dependent changes of daily transpiration (related to root water uptake) and root electrical capacitance proved to be similar as they showed upward trends from seedling emergence to the beginning of flowering stage, and thereafter decreased continuously during fruit setting. A few days after arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-colonization, daily transpiration and root electrical capacitance of infected plants became significantly higher than those of non-infected counterparts, and the relative increment of the measured parameters was greater for the more highly mycorrhizal-dependent bean cultivar compared to that of cucumber. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization caused 29 and 69% relative increment in shoot dry mass for cucumbers and beans, respectively. Mycorrhization resulted in 37% increase in root dry mass for beans, but no significant difference was observed for cucumbers. Results indicate the potential of root electrical capacitance measurements for monitoring the changes and differences of root water uptake rate.
Postharvest balsam fir trees are known to suffer a number of problems that may be linked to abscission rates, such as dehydration or wounding. By definition, postharvest balsam fir trees are also detached from roots and will no longer be supplied certain root derived factors normally translocated via the xylem. Resupplying those root derived factors may delay abscission. The objective of this experiment was to take sap from a root intact species (i.e. Acer saccharum L) and add it to the water supply of balsam fir branches. Further, the effect of reverse osmosis and autoclaving the sap supply will be explored. The experiment was conducted once in spring and again in autumn to examine seasonal changes in needle abscission. The only hormones found in the maple sap were ABA and its metabolites, with PA (163.0 ng g–1) being the primary metabolite present. Needle retention was higher in branches harvested in autumn, as long as they were provided a sap that did not undergo RO. If the sap had undergone RO, then needle retention was slightly decreased in autumn. Needle retention generally decreased as the concentration of maple sap in the water supply increased and this trend was accelerated if the sap had undergone RO. Autoclaving the sap successfully delayed the length of time for water consumption to decrease, but this unexpectedly did not translate into improved needle retention.
The aim of a study was to determine the nutrient and water uptake by tomato plant grown in three independent systems of the nutrient film technique (NFT), provided with the nutrient solutions containing different levels of sulphates: I – 200, II – 400, i III – 600 mg dm⁻³. Nutrient and water uptake depended mainly on stages of plant maturity, and in a less degree on the concentration of sulphates in the solution. Average daily uptake by single plant was (mg): nitrogen – 131.4; phosphorus – 31.6; potassium – 229.6; calcium – 100.7; magnesium –23.2. Average daily uptake of water was 1084 cm³.
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