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Curves developed by hydrologists are used to assess energy resources of rivers, and determine installation parameters of hydroelectric plants. They facilitate the determination of the flows’ value, as well their long-term, annual and seasonal volatility. The installation flow rates of small-scale lowland hydroelectric plants are determined on the basis of the energy resources of watercourses, the value of net head streams and the criteria of economic feasibility of the investment. The article presents the method of applying time–flow curves in order to determine the installation flow rate of small-scale lowland hydropower plants. The analysis was carried out for the projected flows, and for the flows assumed in the development of water energy cadastre. The effective head stream was assumed as a constant unit value, presupposing the same changes in the upper and lower water level. The obtained values of annual installation flow rates were referred to the mean values of annual flow in the base years, and the mean flow in the multiyear period. The rate of growth and the amount of available energy constitute suitable criteria for the selection of installation flow rate in small-scale hydropower plants.
Subject and purpose of work: The study aims to assess the sustainability of rural areas of Western Himalayas during the year 2019. Materials and methods: Aquestionnaire-based survey was conducted in upper Beas Valley of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 101 individuals were interviewed and the questionnaire was filled by the surveyor. Results: Survey showed that high level of unemployment prevailed in the region with minimal monthly income. However, they engaged in agriculture and allied activities along with collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to supplement their incomes. The proximity to protected areas led to frequent encounter with wildlife and such encounters increased after the commencement of Hydro Power Projects. Respondents believed that construction HPPs and expansion road network in the region has increased the occurrence of landslides; and many of them had lost their cultivated land due to landslides. Conclusions: The study showed rural areas of upper Beas Valley were moderately unsustainable.
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