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The paper presents the results of water balance calculations for the Zdworskie Lake, Poland, based on meteorological and hydrological data of 2008–2012 period. Meteorological data have come from automatic measurement station located near Łąck in a distance of about 7.5 kilometer from geometric center of the Zdworskie Lake. The station is a part of the monitoring system of The State Forests National Forest Holding. Hydrological data has been collected from five water-gauging stations located in the Wielka Struga River catchment to which belongs the Zdworskie Lake. The water-gauging stations has been established by Department of Water Engineering of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW within monitoring net constructed as a part of the Restoration Programme of the Lakes in the Łąck Commune, Płock district. Water balance calculations revealed that throughout the analyzed period the retained water amount in Zdworskie Lake should be much larger than it was actually observed. Groundwater level fluctuations observed in one of the water-gauge sections together with geological conditions in the immediate lake catchment area suggest periodic outflow of the lake water into the ground. In the years 2008–2012 the annual loss of lake water caused by the groundwater alimentation varied ranging from about 761,000 to 2,078,000 m3.
Eastern Mediterranean water and heat balances were analysed over 52 years. The modelling uses a process-oriented approach resolving the one-dimensional equations of momentum, heat and salt conservation; turbulence is modelled using a twoequation model. The results indicate that calculated temperature and salinity follow the reanalysed data well. The water balance in the Eastern Mediterranean basin was controlled by the difference between inflows and outflows through the Sicily Channel and by net precipitation. The freshwater component displayed a negative trend over the study period, indicating increasing salinity in the basin. The heat balance was controlled by heat loss from the water surface, solar radiation into the sea and heat flow through the Sicily Channel. Both solar radiation and net heat loss displayed increasing trends, probably due to decreased total cloud cover. In addition, the heat balance indicated a net import of approximately 9 W m−2 of heat to the Eastern Mediterranean Basin from the Western Basin.
All basic components of the water budget of a mature spruce and beech stand in the Orlické Mts are quantified and the results are given in summary tables. Rest periods (November–April) and vegetation seasons (May–October) are evaluated separately. Special attention is paid to the measurement of snow cover and the processes of snow melting in both types of stands.
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