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The aim of the study was to compare immunoperoxidase (IP) and Antigen-Capture ELISA (AC-ELISA) tests in detecting infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in the Fabricius Bursa (BF) of infected chickens. BFs were collected for 3 days p.i. with IBDVs of low pathogenicity (isolated from a mild form of IBD) as well as very virulent ones (isolated from an acute form of IBD) 1, 3, 6 and 9 days p.i. with vaccinal, low pathogenic and very virulent strains. BFs from broiler chickens suspected of having IBD were also used. BFs were cut into frozen histological sections and, after fixing with formaldehyde, were stained using the IP method. The remainder of BFs was used in AC-ELISA after homogenization and clarification. The sensitivity and specificity of both tests in detecting IBDV antigens were comparable but the amount of viral antigen could be determined only by using the AC-ELISA method. The intensity of reaction and the time during which the viral antigen was detected were strongly correlated with the pathogenicity of the IBDV strain being used. Inoculation with the vaccine strain yielded positive results only on day 6 p.i. and the amount of detectable antigen was very low. Infection with the low pathogenic Polish strain produced more antigens, detectable from days 1 to 6 p.i. The antigen of the very virulent strain was found in the largest amount and could be detected for 9 days beginning on day 1 p.i. The study indicated that the IP method is simple, rapid and less laborious than AC-ELISA. However, AC-ELISA is more useful because it additionally measures the amount of detected antigen in a specimen.
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the usefulness of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) performed under USG control in diagnosing lung diseases in dogs. The study entailed 25 dogs of different breed, size and sex, aged 2-13 years. The experiment was divided into 2 stages: post mortem examination (stage I - 10 dogs) and intravital examination (stage II - 15 dogs). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed using needles of 0.9 mm diameter and 80 mm long. At stage II, in 13 cases the cytological material from the lungs collected by means of fine-needle aspiration biopsy was sufficient and its evaluation enabled the final diagnosis. Only in 2 cases was the material collected from lungs was inadequate and the cytological smears were non diagnostic. The cytological evaluation of the smears from the lungs in the dogs allowed the diagnosis of the following: lung abscesses - 2 cases, pneumonia - 7 cases and lung tumors - 4 cases. Based on the conducted research it was proved that fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) is a safe and useful technique in diagnosing lung diseases in dogs. Moreover, when neoplastic changes of the lungs are suspected FNAB should be considered as the basic diagnostic technique.
Fainting is a symptom of transient, spontaneous blackout. The mechanism underlying fainting is a transient, generalized decrease in brain perfusion. Fainting can be the after-effect of arrhythmias. The aim of the research was to determine the usefulness of the loop recorder Reveal Plus for the diagnosis of fainting in dogs. The loop recorder was implanted in a 5-month-old male Tibetan Mastiff, for whom other methods did not allow for the explanation of the etiology of his fainting. Episodes of supraventricular tachycardia were diagnosed. The loop recorder Reveal Plus is a device that makes it possible to determine the arrhythmic component of fainting and is useful for the diagnosis of fainting in dogs.
Goal: The evaluation of the brainstem function by the method of auditory brainstem evoked potentials in a reference group of healthy horses and the use of the method for diagnosis in the course of some neurological diseases of horses Materials and methods: The study was conducted on two groups of animals: nine control horses and seven horses with known neurological diseases. All patients underwent full clinical examination, otoscopic examination and detailed neurological examination. The BAER test was carried out under sedation (detomidine combined with butorphanol). Sound stimulation was performed with insertion headphones emitting the sound of a volume of 75dB, 90dB, and 105dB, 1000 pulses each, with a frequency of 11Hz. Auditory threshold examination was also conducted by increasing the intensity of sound by 10 dB in a range of 10-70 dB, and emitting 300 sound pulses for each volume level. Results: In all the BAER records, waves I, II, III, IV and V were identified on both sides. In all horses in the control group waves VI and VII were impossible to identify. There were no statistically significant differences between the sexes. In the group of healthy horses, the auditory threshold was determined at a level of 30 dB in 6 horses and 40 dB in 3 horses. In the group of horses with neurological diseases, a lesion of vestibulocochlear nerve (NC VIII) due to a head injury sustained during training was diagnosed in 3 cases, air sac infection in 2 cases, and an acquired senile deafness in 2 cases. Conclusion: Records of auditory brainstem evoked potentials in most healthy horses consist of waves I to V. The BAER technique can be used for the diagnosis of functional disorders of the CNS, especially the brainstem, midbrain and thalamus, and as an objective evaluation of hearing in horses. Summary: The technique of auditory brainstem evoked potentials in horses can be used as an additional diagnostic method in neurological diseases.
The aim of this study was to discern whether telomerase activity might serve as a marker for canine skin tumors. Telomerase activity was measured in 57 samples of tumor tissues from operated dogs. Telomerase activity in the samples was measured using the diagnostic kit Telo TAGGG Telomerase PCR ELISA plus of ROCHE - photometric enzyme immunoassay for quantitative determination of telomerase activity, utilizing the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). The samples were also investigated histopathologically. The performed investigations permitted the following conclusions: telomerase activity is substantially higher in malignant lesions then in benign lesions, but there is no differences between telomerase activity in benign lesions and normal skin. Telomerase activity in normal skin near malignant tumors is substantially higher then in normal skin from healthy dogs and there is no correlation between telomerase activity in malignant tumors and in the normal skin in their proximity.
In view of the large scale of surveys, the diagnosis of brucellosis is primarily based on serological examinations. Regarding cattle, RBT, SAT, CFT, Coombs, 2-ME and ELISA are used in Poland. The process is laborious and time-consuming. The problem of differentiation between positive reactions caused by Brucella and antigenically cross-reactive bacteria remains unresolved. The aim of the study was an application of a fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) for the examinations of sera from cattle for brucellosis. Four hundred fifty sera from cattle, including 300 sera from healthy animals, 27 sera from infected animals and 123 sera originated from confirmatory investigations, were used. The results obtained in FPA were compared to the results of RBT, SAT, CFT and ELISA. All sera from healthy animals were negative in FPA, whereas sera from infected animals were positive. Among sera from confirmatory investigations, 8 sera were positive in FPA. This likewise concerned sera positive both in CFT and ELISA. All sera positive only in RBT and SAT were negative in FPA. The results of the examinations show that FPA is a useful method for the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle.
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