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The study was carried out on three groups of cows kept in the systems: I - indoor and pasture, II - indoor with a run, III - indoor. The experiment lasted one year and involved summer and winter feeding. Contents of vitamin A and E in blood serum were determined. The highest serum levels of vitamin E were determined in animals kept in both indoor + pasture and indoor + run systems. The system of keeping did not affect significantly the concentration of vitamin A in the examined period. Statistically significant differences occured in some months but generally in all the systems, its content was at a similar level.
The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which vitamin A plays a role in maintaining the efficiency of gastric mucosal barrier. Particularly, we measured electrical parameters and the RNA/DNA ratio of gastric mucosa isolated in vitro from the stomach of rats in which vitamin A-deficiency was induced by means of a vitamin A-free diet and then abolished by means of a massive vitamin A supplementation. Pair-fed vitamin A-nondepleted rats and normal rats fed ad libitum on a standard diet served as controls. Vitamin A status was assayed for each group of rats by measuring the hepatic content of vitamin A. We found that in gastric mucosa vitamin A-deficiency induced: 1) a decrease in both transmucosal potential difference and short-circuit current; 2) an increase in transmucosal electrical resistance; 3) a decrease in RNA content resulting in a decreased RNA/DNA ratio. Abolishment of vitamin A-deficiency restored both electrical parameters and RNA content of rat gastric mucosa. Our results stress the role of vitamin A in maintaining the efficiency of the gastric mucosal barrier. Vitamin A seems to act by stabilizing gastric electrical parameters and by controlling the protein synthesis/turnover in the surface gastric mucosal cells.
A method for the simultaneous determination of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in milk using the HPLC technique with UV detection (324 nm, vitamin A) and fluorescent detection (Ex295 nm/Em350 nm, vitamin E) was validated. A reverse phase LiChroCART™ 250-4 Superspher™ 100 RP-18 column was used for chromatographic separation. A mixture of methanol and H2O (96.5:3.5 v/v) was used as the eluent (1 mL/min). The analyses were performed after spectrophotometric standardization of standard ethanol solutions, and the results were corrected by recovery. The residual coefficients of variation for the regression equation y=ax were 4.7% (vitamin A) and 8.3% (vitamin E), with r2 > 0.998 (for both vitamins). The limit of quantitation was 0.02 μg/mL and 0.3 μg/mL, repeatability and reproducibility 14% and 12.5%, and uncertainty of the method 20.7% and 18.8% for vitamins A and E, respectively. Vitamin recovery from milk was 51.6-75.1% (vitamin A) and 70.1-87.8% (vitamin E). The results of the reference material analyses (CRM 421, SRM 2383) concur with the certified reference values. The analytical method described is precise, accurate, fast and inexpensive.
The aim of the study was to adapt the method for the determination of vitamins E, A, and β-carotene and to assay them quantitatively in plasma of municipal transport drivers. The study embraced 147 municipal transport male drivers, aged 23–58 years. The Waters 2695 integrated analytical system of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), equipped with a UV-VIS detector was used to determine the studied compounds. Our analysis of the quantitative data by age and seniority did not show significant differences in the concentrations of the analyzed compounds between the study groups, except for the concentration of β-carotene, which was significantly lower in drivers aged over 46 years with the longest employment (over 16 years) compared to the younger groups.
The experiments were carried out to estimate the possibilities of stimulation of the fecundity of sows by administering Vitamin A, ß-carotene and folic acid as basic feed supplement. It has been expected that the synthetic ß-carotene and Vitamin A will increase inhibits embryo mortality. In the first experiment animals were primiparous and in the second multiparous sows. All animals were slaughtered on 30th day of gestation. The reproductive tracts were recovered and dead, partially resorbed and viable embryos were counted. Also weight of ovaries and number of corpora lutea evaluated and on this basis were estimated ovulation rate. In the blood samples concentration of folates, A1AT and AspAT activity, Ca, P and urea quantity were estimated. Addition 5 mg/kg folic acid to basal diet for primiparous sows decrease number of dead fetuses and simultaneously administering 200 mg ß-carotene/animal/day significantly increase number of presumably living fetuses (from 8.3 to 10.8). Addition 60000 IU of Vitamin A haven't had significant influence for the number of dead or living fetuses, while increased level of it was noted in liver. Under the synthetic ß-carotene treatment multiparous sows, the higher number of viable fetuses, number of corpora lutea and weight of ovaries than in the control group were also observed. Extra addition of folic acid decreases significantly (P < 0.05) number of dead fetuses. Similar effects are obtained by replacing ß-carotene+folic acid with Vitamin A+folic acid for multiparous sows. The obtained result indicates that the addition of the synthetic ß-carotene to the diet for sows before and after mating increases ovulation rate. The simultaneous folic acid supplement from the time of mating inhibits embryo mortality.
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