Extremly high viremia is observed during some viruses infection, especialy in immunocompromised patients. False negative results of Parvovirus B19 DNA tests performed with real-time PCR in high viremic samples are reported. The way of fluorescence diagrams analysis and algorithm of positive result confirmation to exclude such phenomenon are proposed.
The aim of this study was to determine the infectious agents isolated from infection - suspected geese sent for the diagnostic examination to National Veterinary Research Institute. The birds were sent from goose flocks localized in different parts of Poland. Totally, 1,013 birds from 122 flocks were examined. The presence of goose parvovirus (GPV), goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV), and goose circovirus (GoCV) was detected by triplex PCR. The presence of GPV DNA was shown in 36 flocks. The disease was most frequently diagnosed in goslings aging 3.5 weeks (ten flocks), and 2.5 weeks (six flocks). The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of VP1 encoding region has shown close similarity of Polish GPV strains within the group which ranged from 92% to 100%. Moreover, the similarity level of these strains with GPV isolated in Europe was from 91.3% to 100%. The occurrence of GoCV DNA was shown in 25 goose flocks. The presence of GoCV DNA was found among geese aged from 2 to 6 weeks, but predominantly in those aging 3.5 (three flocks) and 5 weeks (five flocks). The sequence analysis of PCR products from the sequenced region of ORFC1 capsid protein of GoCV has shown that Polish isolates share from 85% to 91% similarity with the sequences of GoCV strains isolated in other countries. The presence of DNA of GHPV was found in 3-week-old geese. During the last 2 years the presence of GHPV was confirmed in three flocks of goslings at the age from 3 to 3.5 weeks. During the last 12 years the occurrence of co-infection with GPV and GoCV was detected in six flocks aging from 5 to 6 weeks.
The first Aujeszky's disease (AD) vaccination - eradication programme in Poland was introduced in two different in size farrow-to-finish farms with a high percentage of latently infected pigs. All the pigs were vaccinated with gE- and TK-negative vaccine Nobi-Porvac Aujeszky Live Begonia (Intervet, Holland) according to the following schedule: breeding stock twice with a 4-week interval and then 3 times yearly, replacement gilts at 10-12 weeks of age, 4 weeks later and then together with sows and boars, fattening pigs twice at 10-12 weeks of age and 4 weeks later. In both herds clinical signs, postvaccinal humoral immune response as well as gE-seroprevalence were examined. After introduction of the vaccination programme no clinical signs of AD and neither local nor general adverse effects in pigs were observed. In the sows tested the vaccination schedule enabled high levels of neutralizing antibodies to be maintained. In the fattening pigs born to the vaccinated sows low antibody levels after the first and regular booster effect two weeks after the second vaccination were observed. An intensive vaccination programme is a good tool to minimize AD virus infections in pigs and, in conjunction with normal breeding stock turnover, strongly reduces the prevalence of gE-seropositive breeding and fattening pigs.
The aim of this paper was to analyse the biochemical phenotypes of Candida albicans colonising the upper respiratory tract in 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C from group I (without antiviral therapy) and from group II (treated with peginterferon and ribavirin). The ability of the assimilation of carbon from various substrates (assimilation phenotypes) or activity of hydrolytic enzymes (biotypes) of 61 C. albicans isolates were estimated using API 20 C AUX and API ZYM microtests, respectively. Among 30 isolates of C. albicans from the group I, seven assimilation phenotypes and six biotypes were determined, while among 31 isolates from the group II - eleven assimilation phenotypes and five biotypes. The most frequently isolated assimilation phenotype in both groups of patients with API numerical profile of 2576174 comprised about 50%-70% of all phenotypes. The predominant biotype E belonging to the classification of Williamson comprised about 39%-50% of all biotypes. Our results and those from the literature suggest that C. albicans biotypes but not assimilation phenotypes may be related with some diseases. However, this requires further detailed studies.