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The object of study was the regeneration of Pharbitis nil by direct and indirect organogenesis. From fragments of roots, cotyledons, hypocotyls and epicotyls on Murashige and Skoog nutrient solution (MS) supplemented with naphtalenacetic acid (NAA) or indolylacetic acid (IAA; both at 0.1 mg·dm⁻³ concentration) in the presence of benzylaminopurine (BAP), zeatin or kinetin (all at 5 mg·dm⁻³ concentration) only root organogenesis was obtained. Likewise, when using the two-step method (2 or 5 days exposure to NAA or IAA at 2 mg·dm⁻³ concentration followed by exposure to BAP or zeatin at 1 or 2 mg·dm⁻³ concentration) root organogenesis was observed in all types of explants. Moreover, shoot buds were formed on fragments of epicotyl exposed vertically in relation to the medium. However, attempts at regenerating complete plants from them failed, so did the regeneration of P. nil from callus. The roots were formed in callus cultures only.
The aim of the study was to investigate the structure and topography of endogenous secretory tissues of Inula helenium L. By using light and electron microscopy, morphological and anatomical observations of stems, leaves and rhizomes were made. It was shown that in the stems secretory cavities were situated in the vicinity of phloem and xylem bundles. The number of the reservoirs reached its maximum value (34) at shoot flowerig termination, whereas the cavities with the largest diameter were observed at full flowering stage (44.6 µm). In the leaf petioles and midribs, the reservoirs also accompanied the vascular bundles, and their number and size increased along with the growth of the assimilation organs. Observations of the cross sections of the rhizomes revealed the presence of several rings of secretory reservoirs. The measurements of the cavities showed that as a rule the reservoirs with a larger dimension were located in the phelloderm, whereas the smallest ones in the xylem area. The secretory cavities located in the stems and leaves developed by schizogenesis, whereas the rhizome reservoirs were probably formed schizolisygenously. The cells lining the reservoirs formed a one - four-layered epithelium. Observed in TEM, the secretory cells of the mature cavities located in the rhizomes were characterised by the presence of a large central vacuole, whereas the protoplast was largely degraded. Fibrous elements of osmophilic secretion and numerous different coloured vesicles could be distinguished in it. The cell walls formed, from the side of the reservoir lumen, ingrowths into the interior of the epithelial cells. Between the cell wall and the plasmalemma of the glandular cells, a brighter periplasmatic zone with secretory vesicles was observed.
A number of anatomical adaptations to an arid habitat can be noted in the microscopic structure of Spartium junceum L. vegetative organs. The xerophytic adaptation of the leaf is seen in its short life and the transformation of its inner structure, with palisade parenchyma dominating. The top part of the stem has taken over the leaf function, while sclerenchyma fiber and conductive elements occupy most of its secondary units. A peculiar feature of the primary structure of the root is its incompletely developed endodermis, and the secondary structure points to its storage and mechanical roles. GC/MS analyses of the essential oils showed that they consist mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons with α-thujene as the main compound. The essential oils also play a xeromorphic role in this plant species.
Celem przedstawionych badań było określenie zawartości kwasów fenolowych i aktywności przeciwutleniającej w liściach i korzeniach dwóch gatunków wierzbownicy i wiesiołka. W badanych ekstraktach określono zawartość kwasów fenolowych metodą HPLC oraz aktywność przeciwutleniającą metodą FRAP i DPPH. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że ekstrakty z badanych roślin różnią się znacząco zarówno pod względem zawartości kwasów fenolowych, jak i aktywności przeciwutleniającej. Zdecydowanie wyższą, w porównaniu do wiesiołka, aktywnością cechowały się wyciągi z wierzbownic. Najwyższą aktywność wykazywał ekstrakt z liści wierzbownicy kosmatej, zebranych w fazie wegetatywnej, zawieraj ący także najwięcej kwasu elagowego i kawowego - związków, którym przypisuje się wysoką aktywność przeciwutleniającą.
The research was conducted in the years 1999-2001. The aim of the research was to determine the health condition of overground parts and seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cv. Metex and chinese mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cv. Małopolska. In all the years of the research alternaria blight was found on the leaves of white mustard which injury index ranged from 5.6% in 2001 to 17.6% in 2000. The most dangerous disease of chinese mustard also was alternaria blight and its symptoms were found on leaves and siliques. The strongest infection of leaves was in 2000 (~O%) and the weakest in 2001 (6.7%). In all the years of the research siliques we re rather weak infected (5.0-8.8%). Besides powdery mildew was found on chinese mustard which injury index ranged from 0.3% in 1999 to 32.3% in 2000. Intensity of diseases was affected generaIly by the weather conditions. From the seeds of white mustard and chinese mustard were isolated respectively 263 and 137 colonies. Alternaria alternata was the most numerous species which makes respectively 60.9% and 42.3% isolates. Among the fungi pathogenic for white and chinese mustard were also isolated: A. brassicae, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani.
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