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Background: The aim of the study was to precisely describe and classify the infraorbital canal/groove (IOC/G) complex in dry human skulls and to evaluate the presence of asymmetry in the IOC/G complex. Materials and methods: Seventy orbits of 35 human skulls were investigated. The following distances were measured: the distance between the posterior and anterior margin of the infraorbital groove (S-C); the posterior margin of the infraorbital canal and the infraorbital foramen (C-IOF); and the total length of the infraorbital canal-groove complex (S-C-IOF). The symmetry of the contralateral measurements was analysed. Results: Three types of the IOC/G complex were distinguished: types I, II, III, whose respective incidences were 11.4%, 68.6%, 20.0%. The mean length of the infraorbital groove plus canal complex on the right and left with standard deviation were 27.78 ± 3.69 mm and 28.06 ± 3.37 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The results presented in this study may be particularly helpful for surgery in patients with blow-out fractures and different endoscopic and reconstructive procedures in the region of the inferior orbital wall. The type III IOC/G complex, according to our classification, seems the most likely to be exposed to trauma during surgical manipulations. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 4: 311–317)
The aim of the study was to investigate the possible use of nine Lactobacillus strains, previously isolated from infants faeces, as components of industrial starter cultures for yoghurt, soft white cheese and hard cheese production. There were no strong antagonistic interactions between isolates and commercial probiotics and yoghurt strains. None of isolates was able to grow at 3℃, seven grew at 7℃, all of them at 12℃ and 37℃ and only three at 45℃. In the culture media containing 10.4% NaCl at pH 6.5 growth of four isolates was detected at 12℃, whereas six strains grew at 37℃. Tested isolates did not hydrolyze casein and arginine and did not produce H₂S. Inulins (HD, IQ, TEX, HPX) and maltodextrins (low and medium dextrose equivalent) added to the culture media stimulated the growth of isolates. The properties of all isolates enable their application in soft white and hard cheeses and strains 4a, 4b and 14 in yoghurts.
The increased milk yield in dairy cattle has made it increasingly difficult to balance accurately the feed ration. This results in energy and mineral deficiencies as well as various homeostasis disorders including calcium and magnesium balance disorders, which in turn lead to metabolic disorders. In our study, we chose to assess the therapeutic efficacy of two most popular products of this type i.e. Glucalvet (Vetoquinol Biowet) and Antiparen-N (Vetoquinol Biowet). The study was conducted on 33 HF cows dipslaying symptoms of postparturient paresis that occurred between 2 and 4 day postpartum. The cows were divided into two groups: group A and group B, which were administered Glucalvet and Antiparen-N, respectively. Blood samples were taken twice from the jugular vein of each animal – just before and 24 hours after drug administration. The samples were used to determine serum concentrations of Ca, Mg, P, Cl and glucose. The average body temperature in both groups was slightly below normal and statistically significantly increased 24 hours after the intravenous infusion. The same tendency was observed for the pulse rate. The magnesium levels in the first group improved significantly after drug administration but its level was still lower than the physiological range. In the second group of animals, a slight drop in the Mg level after the Antiparen-N administration. Levels of Ca and P increased in both group of animals after the treatment. The average chloride concentration was similar for both assays. The serum glucose concentration increased significantly in both groups of animals after drug administration. Summing up, the study presented in this paper indicates that Glucalvet and Antiparen-N prove to be useful in the treatment of post-parturient paresis conditioned by Ca and Mg deficiency.
The present paper shows the results of research whose aim was to establish the degree of the sensitivity of Betula pendula Roth seedlings to the adverse conditions of the zinc smelter sludge-silt waste. For the pot cultures post-floatation sludge-silt waste was brought to the laboratory and placed in pots (17 cm in top diameter). In the experiment the following soil variants were used: I - sludge-silt waste II - sludge-silt waste mixed with peat III - sludge-silt waste covered with 2.5 cm layer of garden soil IV - garden soil as a control type The seeds of Betula pendula trees growing on the post-floatation sludge-silt waste grounds had been collected in the vicinity of the dump. Additionally, seeds of birch from non-polluted region (Mirów) were used as a control group. In the experiment, the soil variants were used in three replicates and each pot received 25 seeds. At the end of experiment, the seedlings were counted and the shoot height and root length were measured. Significant differences exist between zinc heap and Mirów regions in pollen vitality and seed germination capacity. The experiment showed positive results for seedlings from zinc dump seeds growing on the variant II of soil and for seedlings from Mirów seeds growing on variants III and IV of soil.
Fertility of high producing dairy cows is today a big issue for commercial farm in Europe and all around the world. This study was made on Polish Holstein Friesian cows of Agricultural Experimental Farm Wilanôw-Obory (Poland) to evaluate the improvement of fertility permitted by the use of a specific supplementation (Ovulitral) given to the cows just before insemination. This specific dietary supplement is composed of trace elements, vitamins and amino-acids selected to enhance hormonal dialogue and reduce oxidation stress and hence improve fertility of cows. This experimentation has been made from October 2010 to July 2011, the 146 cows of the trial were assigned to a control/test group depending on their characteristics: lactation rank, days from calving, milk yield at peak. These cows were inseminated on natural heat by inseminators and the test group received 100 ml of Ovulitral at the insemination. Pregnancy of cows was validated by scan at 35 days after insemination. Success of insemination is about 48% on the control group versus 65% on Ovulitral group (p < 0.05). That improvement constitutes a significant difference. The improvement of fertility is higher for the cows in 1st and 2nd lactation. It is also interesting to point out that there is no difference of improvement of fertility between the cows inseminated before or after 80 days on the two groups on trial. These results confirm results obtained with Ovulitral on commercial farms in France.
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