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Enzyme activity in forest peat soils

100%

Blonska E.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 1

The aim of the study was to determine the activity of dehydrogenases and urease in forest peat soils of different fertility. There were selected 23 experimental plots localised in central and northern Poland. The research was conducted on forest fens, transition bogs and raised bogs. The biggest differences in soil physical and chemical properties were detected between fen and raised bog soils while raised bog soils and transition bog soils differed the least. Statistically significant differences between particular subtypes of peat soils were observed for soil pH-H2O, pH-KCl, C/N ratio as well as the content of organic carbon, nitrogen, calcium and potassium. The highest average dehydrogenase activity in the soil surface level was observed in fen soils, and the lowest – in raised bogs soils. The results obtained on urease activity were similar. Differences in urease activity in the studied soil types were shown. Dehydrogenase activity did not reveal statistically significant diversity. The activity of urease was negatively correlated with the content of carbon, C/N ratio, hydrolytic acidity and moisture. Also the increase in enzymatic activity accompanied by the increase in pH has been observed.

2

Effects of far infrared treatment on lipoxygenase activity and antinutritional factors of soybean samples

86%

Basman A., Yalcin S.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2011

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tom 61

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nr Suppl.1

3

Activity of enzymes in zinc contaminated soil

86%

Wyszkowska J., Zaborowska M., Kucharski J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

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2006

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tom 09

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nr 1

The aim of the study has been to determine the effect of soil contamination with zinc on the activity of soil enzymes. The study consisted of two laboratory experiments. Same, light loamy soil of pH 7.1, was used in both experiments. The variables in the first experiment were: a degree of soil contamination with zinc in mg Zn kg-1 d.m. of soil: 0, 5, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000; dose of cellulose in g kg-1 d.m. of soil: 0, 15, and time of soil incubation (15 – 120 days). In the second experiment the following variables were tested: the degree of soil contamination with zinc in mg Zn kg-1 d.m. of soil: 0, 1000 and 2000; soil pH: 7.1, 6.4 and 5.5, and the time of soil incubation (15 – 120 days). The results of the experiments demonstrated that contamination of soil with zinc led to depressed activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Dehydrogenases and urease appeared to be more vulnerable to zinc contamination than phosphatases. The soil enzymes were adversely affected not only by zinc contamination but also by increasing soil acidity. According to their vulnerability to soil acidity the soil enzymes can be ordered as follows: dehydrogenases > urease > alkaline phosphatase > acid phosphatase. Cellulose added to soil (15 g kg-1) proved to be a good factor in the improvement of soil biochemical properties, although it did not limit the effects produced by zinc.

4

Synthetic peptides mimicking antigenic epitope of Helicobacter pylori urease

86%

Bialek M., Grabowski S., Kaminski Z., Kaca W.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2006

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tom 53

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nr 1

Short peptides resembling the Helicobacter pylori urease antigen (UreB F8 Ser-Ile-Lys-Glu-Asp-Val-Gln-Phe) with deleted aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues, anchored through a triazine linker via the N-terminal moiety to cellulose plate were prepared. The peptides were used for binding of antibodies from sera of patients with medically confirmed atherosclerosis. Recognition of the peptides was also tested with anti-Jack beans urease antibodies. The important role of a Gly-Gly spacer separating the peptides from the cellulose support was shown. Different patterns of binding of antibodies from H. pylori infected patients and anti-Jack bean urease antibodies were observed only in the case of pentapeptides. The peptide Gly-Gly-Leu-Val-Phe-Lys-Thr was recognized by most of the tested sera.

5

Enzymatic activity of urease and dehydrogenase in soil fertilized with GWDA compost with or without a PRP SOL addition

72%

Krzywy-Gawronska E.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2012

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tom 21

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nr 4

In a two-year field experiment (2008-09), the effect of increasing doses of compost produced from municipal sewage sludge with or without the addition of active substance PRP®SOL (PRP Technologies, France) on urease and dehydrogenase activities during cultivation of winter wheat and spring rapeseed was studied. The experimental design included a control treatment with standard mineral fertilization and three levels of organic fertilization. The used compost doses were equivalent to 100, 200, and 300 kg N∙ha⁻¹. Organic fertilization was carried out on 28 September 2007. In 2008 and 2009 the whole experimental area was fertilized with active substance PRP SOL at a 150 kg∙ha⁻¹ dose and multicomponent fertilize Polifoska 6 at a 200 kg∙ha⁻¹ dose. Due to the low nitrogen content in Polifoska 6 (6% N), urea top-dressing for winter wheat and spring rape-seed was applied at a dose of 100 kg N∙ha⁻¹ in two times periods. Soil samples for chemical analyses were collected from the arable layer (0-25 cm) under winter wheat four times: April, May, and July (soil sampling times I to III), and after its harvest at the end of August 2008 (sampling time IV). In spring 2009, spring rapeseed was sown in the same field, and soil samples for analyses were collected in the same times I to III (April, May, and July), while soil sampling time IV following the rapeseed harvest fell at the beginning of August 2009. It was found that fertilization with a triple dose of compost with a PRP SOL addition increased the soil pHKCl value as compared to control soils. Higher organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents were found in the soils collected from experimental plots being fertilized with a double and a triple dose of municipal sewage sludge compost with a PRP SOL addition. Significant increase in urease activity was found between soil sampling times I and IV (specify the treatment here). The applied fertilization with single and a triple doses on compost with or without PRP SOL increased the urease activity on average by 30.4 between soil sampling times I and IV. The largest increase in dehydrogenase activity was observed between soil sampling times I and III and in control objects. The applied fertilization with a triple dose of compost with or without PRP SOL increased the dehydrogenase activity on average by 18.65% between soil sampling times I and III. The applied organic fertilization together with active substance PRP SOL stimulated the enzymatic activity of urease and dehydrogenase in all cases.

6

Activity of dehydrogenases, catalase and urease in copper polluted soil

72%

Wyszkowska J., Kucharski M., Kucharski J., Borowik A.

Journal of Elementology

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2009

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tom 14

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nr 3

605-617

Copper is a life essential element. However, in excess it can be destructive to metabolism of microbial, plant, animal and human cells. Thus, an understanding of all conditions associated with the effect produced by copper on natural environment is vital. The purpose of the present study has been to evaluate the effect of soil contamination with copper on the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase and urease as well as to determine the tolerance of these enzymes to excessive amounts of copper in soil. The variable factors of the experiment consisted of: 1) soil type: loamy sand and sandy loam; 2) copper pollution rate in mg kg-1 d.m. of soil: 0, 150, 450; 3) soil use: unseeded and seeded soil; 4) crop species: barley, spring oilseed rape and yellow lupine; 5) dates of enzymatic analyses: 25 and 50 day. The results have revealed that copper pollution, within the rates of 150 to 450 mg kg-1 d.m. of soil, significantly inhibits the activity of dehydrogeanses, urease and catalase, with catalase being the most tolerant to excessive copper, unlike dehydrogeneases, which were the most sensitive enzymes. Urease was found to be intermediate in the response to copper. Dehydrogenases, urease and catalase are the least tolerant to the inhibitory effect of copper in soil under spring oilseed rape, being the most tolerant to the pollution in soil under oats. Copper produces stronger inhibitory effect on soil enzymes in unseeded than in seeded soil. The negative effect of excess copper in soil persists and, instead of diminishing, the longer copper remains in soil, the stronger effect it yields. Dehydrognases and catalase are less tolerant to copper in sandy loam than in loamy sand, unlike urease, which was more tolerant to the pollutant in loamy sand than in sandy loam. Tolerance of plants to soil contamination with copper is a species-specific trait. Among the tested crops, yellow lupine was the least tolerant whereas spring oilseed rape was the most tolerant to copper contamination.

7

Influence of long-term organic fertilization on the enzymatic activity

72%

Koper J., Piotrowska A.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 52

Mineral and organic fertilization is one of the rtiost important factors affecting activity of soil enzymes. It is commonly accepted that organic fertilization is more beneficial to the soil biological activity than the mineral. The objectives of this investigation were to assay Corg, Ntot, Ptot content and to determine urease and amylase activities in the soil fertilised for a long time with various rates of farmyard manure and slurry. Soil samples were taken from the experiment established on a typical lessivé soil. FYM was used at the following rates: 20, 40, 60, 80 t ha-1 fresh weight once in the rotation on the plots with potatoes, while slurry was applied in four doses corresponding to manure fresh weight. Soil samples were taken after potato harvest in the 8th year after the experiment start-up from two depths: 5-15 and 25-35 cm of the soil profile. Usually, higher amounts of Corg and Ptot were found in the soil manured with FYM in comparison with the pig slurry-manured soil. These amounts increased when the doses of both fertilizers were the highest. The content of Corg ranged from 5.5 to 8.2 g kg-1 of soil when 80 t ha-1 of FYM was used. Total nitrogen ranged from 0.45 to 0.95 g kg-1 of soil, average for doses of both fertilizers, whereas total phosphorus content ranged from 0.26 to 0.48 g kg-1 of soil. The highest amylase activity was observed in the soil when FYM was used (0.48 ng starch g-1 l6 h-1) as compared to the soil where slurry was applied (0.41 g starch ug-1 16 h-1). No increase of amylase activity was observed when the doses of both fertilizers were the highest. A higher urease activity was noted when FYM was used than in the case of the soil manured with slurry.A decrease of urease activity was noted in the control samples (3.0 mg NH3 10 g-1 24 h-1), while the urease activity increased when the doses of both fertilizers were the highest. The highest activities were noted when 80 t ha-1 of FYM or slurry were used.

8

Effect of soil contamination with copper on its enzymatic activity and physicochemical properties

72%

Wyszkowska J., Kucharski J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

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2003

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tom 06

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nr 2

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with copper (0 1200 mg kg-1 of soil) on its enzymatic activity and physicochemical properties. An attempt was undertaken to establish a possibility of the application of actinomycetes spores Streptomyces odorifer and Streptomyces viridis in detoxication of such soils. A pot experiment was conducted in two types of soil: leached brown soil formed from light loamy sand and leached brown soil formed from light loam. The experimental plant was spring barley.

9

Activity of enzymes in soils treated with sewage sludge

72%

Kucharski J., Wyszkowska J., Nowak G., Harms H.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2000

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tom 33

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nr 1

10

Physicochemical properties and enzymatic activity of sulfur-acidified horticultural soil

72%

Wyszkowska J., Kucharski J., Benedycka Z.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2001

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tom 10

|

nr 4

This experiment was performed under laboratory conditions in three replications. Three types of horticultural soil were put in plastic pots using 200 dm(3) per pot. Prior to filling the pots, the soils were carefully mixed with dusty elementary sulfur at 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g.dM(-3) and incubated for three months at 18-20 degreesC, maintaining moisture at 60% of capillary water holding capacity. After 90 days the samples were taken for the determination of active acidity in H2O, hydrolytic acidity (H) and total of bases (S). Based on the results of the assay, the total exchange capacity (T) and degree of base saturation (V) were computed from the formulas: T = S + H and V = S.T-1.100. In addition, the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Elementary sulfur was found to have an effect on physicochemical and biochemical properties of horticultural soil. The highest rate of sulfur reduced pH (in H2O) from 6.7 to 3.9, the total of exchange bases by 3-fold, the total exchange capacity by 1.2-fold and the degree of base saturation by 2.4-fold. It also depressed the activity of dehydrogenases by 12.6-fold, urease by 74.1-fold, acid phosphatase by 1.8-fold and alkaline phosphatase by 4.1-fold. Sulfur applied at 5 g.dm(-3) increased hydrolytic acidity by 9-fold.

11

Evaluation of the effect of carbamylphosphate synthetase and urease activities in selected strains of wine yeast on the production of ethyl carbamate

72%

Balcerek M., Szopa J. S.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

|

2006

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tom 15/56

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nr 4

The study was aimed at evaluating the enzymatic capacity of selected strains of wine yeast S. cerevisiae for the production of carbamylphosphate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.16) and urease (EC 3.5.1.5) as well as their effect on the production of ethyl carbamate in plum mashes. The experimental material were strains of wine yeast: Syrena, Tokay, Burgund, Bordeaux, Steinberg, originating from the Pure Cultures Collection of the Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Technical University of Łódź, and Saccharomyces bayanus yeast by Prochimica Varese SRL company (Italy). Distillery fruit mashes were prepared from plums var. Węgierka łowicka. Under conditions of alcoholic fermentation, the highest activities of NH4+-dependent carbamylphosphate synthetase (45.43 x 10-3 U/mg protein) and urease (0.57 U/mg protein) were observed for the strain Steinberg. Irrespective of the activity (3.2–92.95 U/mg protein) of carbamylphosphate synthetase in the yeast strains examined, the concentration of ethyl carbamate in after-fermentation liquids was at a similar level (<0.01 mg/L). Under conditions of a limited access of oxygen, the maximum activity of urease in S. bayanus yeasts (1.66 U/mg protein), was observed at the stage of preliminary fermentation (yeasts in the stationary phase of growth). Culture media of the Steinberg strain were found to demonstrate a relatively high degree of urea reduction under anaerobic conditions – 19% and a trace concentration of urethane (<0.01 mg/L). A low urolytic activity (0.192 U/mg protein) of yeasts of the Tokay strain was reflected in a relatively high concentration of urethane (0.210 mg/L of 40% spirit) in plum spirit obtained with their participation. Fermentation of plum mash with S. bayanus yeast applied at a dose of 0.5 g d.m./kg, resulted in a decrease in the concentration of ethyl carbamate by 44% (0.07 mg/L of 40% spirit), as compared to the dose of 0.1-0.3 g d.m./kg.

12

The effects of copper on soil biochemical properties and its interaction with other heavy metals

72%

Wyszkowska J., Kucharski J., Lajszner W.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2006

|

tom 15

|

nr 6

The effect of soil contamination with copper on soil biochemical properties and oat yields was assessed in a pot experiment. Copper was applied alone or in combination with other heavy metals. The study was conducted on samples of brown soil consisting of heavy loamy sand and brown soil developed from light silty clay. On days 28 and 56 of the experiment the following were determined: activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in soil as well as oat yields. Contamination of soil with copper, zinc, nickel, lead, cadmium and chromium in concentrations of 50 mg kg-1 was found to have a negative influence on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phospha- tase, alkaline phosphatase and yield of oats. The soil enzymes can be arranged in terms of their sensitivity to heavy metals as follows: dehydrogenases > urease > alkaline phosphatase > acid phosphatase. Higher activity of dehydrogenases was determined in brown soil developed from heavy loamy sand, while urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were more active in brown soil formed from light silty clay. The contamination of copper with other heavy metals was inhibited in heavy loamy sand more than in light silty clay.

13

Effect of soil contamination with nickel on enzymatic activity

72%

Wyszkowska J., Wyszkowski M.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

|

2003

|

tom 14

14

Ureolytic activity of Nitellopsis obtusa [Characeae]

72%

Karcz W., Krajewska B., Zaborska W.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2001

|

tom 23

|

nr 3

15

Perspectives of anti-H.pylori vaccination

72%

Saldinger P. F., Blum A. L., Corthesy-Theulaz I. E.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

|

1997

|

tom 48

|

nr 4

16

Seasonal changeability of enzymatic activity in soils of selected forest sites

58%

Blonska E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

|

2010

|

tom 09

|

nr 3-4

Seasonal changeability of soil enzyme activity has not been entirely known. The aim of the paper was presenting the seasonal changeability in enzyme activity in fresh forest sites. From 10/06/2007 to 20/06/2008 samples were taken seven times at 6-weeks' intervals from two sample plots representing sites Lśw, LMśw, BMśw and one for Bśw site. Activity of dehydrogenase, protease and urease have been marked in the soil samples. As a result of conducted research the minimum value for enzymatic activity was found in October 2007 and April 2008. Maximum values for the activity of studied enzymes were noted in January and June 2007 and 2008, while no statistically significant differences were found between enzymatic activity marked in June 2007 and June 2008.

17

Enzymatic "fingerprinting" of physiological diversity of microbial communities in clear-water and humic lakes

58%

Siuda W., Jasser I., Kiersztyn B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2013

|

tom 61

|

nr 4

Extracellular enzymes occurring in aquatic environment are heterogeneous in respect to their origin and function, place, where they are located and their activity. They can be divided into mainly ‘bacterial-origin’ enzymes produced by heterotrophic organisms in order to obtain organic carbon, and mostly ‘phytoplankton-bacterial-origin’ enzymes, which are produced by autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, and are responsible mainly for obtaining inorganic compounds. Enzymes activity provides information about microorganisms present in given environment and about their physiological state. We hypothesize that the patterns (‘fingerprints’) calculated on the basis of activity of several enzymes both mainly ‘bacterial-origin’ and mainly ‘phytoplankton-bacterial-origin’ may be used to characterise lake ecosystems in terms of the physiological structure of aquatic microorganisms present in these lakes. For the study we selected four lakes from Mazurian Lakes District in north-eastern Poland. Three of them were clear-water (lakes: Kuc, Mikołajskie, Tałtowisko) and ranged from oligotrophy to eutrophy, the fourth (Lake Smolak Duży) was slightly acidic (pH 5.2), highly productive and polyhumic. Activity of phosphatase (PA), L-leucine-aminopeptidase (AMP), β-glucosidase (B-Glu), esterase (EST), glucosaminidase (Glu-ami), glucuronidase (Glu-uro) and cellobiohydrolase (Cellob) were measured fluorometrically. The results were normalised and analysis of agglomerative clustering was performed to create an enzyme activity patterns characteristic for lakes. We found out that the enzymatic pattern reflected trophic differences between studied lakes. The patterns (‘fingerprints’) of enzymes were similar for three clear-water lakes, with urease (U–ase), AMP and EST dominating the overall enzymatic activity, but differed substantially for polyhumic lake, in which considerably high PA and saccharolytic enzyme activities were observed. We conclude that the analysis of enzymatic ‘fingerprints’ can be a useful tool to characterise lakes with respect to their trophic status and physiological diversity of microbial assemblages associated with each particular lake.

18

Effect of mineral xenobiotics on the enzymatic activity of anthropogenically changed soils

58%

Mocek-Plociniak A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2009

|

tom 18

|

nr 3

421-427

This paper presents dependences between the contents of Cu and Pb, and the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, urease and protease. Studies were carried out in soil samples taken from upper horizons of black earth and grey-brown podsolic soils in the neighbourhood of the Legnica Copper Works. The analyzed soils showed silt texture (SiC) and a differentiated content of organic matter. Upper humus horizons were characterized by high contamination by Cu and Pb, but their amounts decreased with an increasesd distance from the emission source. Significant amounts of the mentioned mineral xenobiotics caused a distinct decrease of biological life activity in the analyzed soils.

19

Aktywnosc ureazy w wybranych glebach Polski

58%

Stepniewska Z., Samborska A.

Acta Agrophysica

|

1999

|

tom 22

219-228

Celem badań było określenie aktywności ureazy na wybranych glebach Polski: bielicowych i brunatnych wytworzonych z piasków i glin, lessów, czarnych ziem i mad rzecznych. Badaniom poddano próbki z poziomu 0-10 cm, które pobrano z Banku Gleb Instytutu Agrofizyki PAN. Aktywność ureazy zawierała się w przedziale 0,3256 - 1,7896 pM N-NH4 kg-lh-1. Najniższą aktywność ureazową zanotowano w glebach bielicowych i wynosiła ona 0,33 pM N-NH4 kg-lh-1. W glebach brunatnych wytworzonych z piasków i lessów aktywność ureazy wahała się w granicach 0,55 - 1,00 pM N-NH4 kg-lh-1. Najwyższą aktywność stwierdzono w glebach: czarnych ziemiach, madach rzecznych, glebach murszowych i murszowatych 1,43 - 1,79 pM N-NH4 kg-lh-1. W oparciu o analizę statystyczną otrzymanych wyników można stwierdzić, że aktywność ureazowa pozostaje w ścisłym związku z zawartością materii organicznej.

20

Effect of new lines of winter wheat on microbiological activity in Luvisol

58%

Jezierska-Tys S., Rachon L., Rutkowska A., Szumilo G.

International Agrophysics

|

2012

|

tom 26

|

nr 1

The study presented in this paper was conducted under the conditions of a field experiment. Microbiological analyses were made at various stages of winter wheat plants developmentie heading, milk ripeness and full ripeness. The objective of the study was to acquire knowledge on the effect of cultivation of various lines of winter wheat on the numbers of bacteria and fungi with proteolytic capabilities, on protease and urease activity, and on the rate of the processes of ammonification and nitrification. The results of conducted study demonstrated that the number of proteolytic bacteria and fungi, as well as the activity of protease and urease, and the intensity of ammonification and nitrification processes in soil depended on both the development stage and cultivated line of winter wheat.

Ograniczanie wyników

Enzyme activity in forest peat soils

Effects of far infrared treatment on lipoxygenase activity and antinutritional factors of soybean samples

Activity of enzymes in zinc contaminated soil

Synthetic peptides mimicking antigenic epitope of Helicobacter pylori urease

Enzymatic activity of urease and dehydrogenase in soil fertilized with GWDA compost with or without a PRP SOL addition

Activity of dehydrogenases, catalase and urease in copper polluted soil

Influence of long-term organic fertilization on the enzymatic activity

Effect of soil contamination with copper on its enzymatic activity and physicochemical properties