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Ungulates of the middle Miocene Monarch Mill Formation, Churchill County, Nevada, USA

100%

Smith K. S., Czaplewski N. J., Coombs M. C.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2022

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tom 67

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nr 1

2

Age-specific reproductive behaviours in male roe deer Capreolus capreolus

100%

Melis C., Hoem S. A., Linnell J. D. C., Andersen R.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 4

445-452

The behaviour of active male roe deerCapreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758 was studied in a wild population on Storfosna island (Norway), during the pre-territorial and territorial seasons (February–August) of 1994. Observed behaviours were grouped in seven categories (mating, aggression, display, marking, vigilance, moving and maintenance), and the proportion of time spent in each behaviour by three age classes (yearlings, subadults and adults) was compared. Time spent in each behaviour varied significantly between months for all male age classes. From February to August, time spent in maintenance decreased, while time spent in vigilance increased. The time spent in mating increased both in adult and subadults but did not vary significantly for yearlings throughout the months. When comparing age classes within a month, there were no significant differences in time spent in each behaviour. Surprisingly, adult territorial males did not invest significantly more time in mating, with respect to yearlings and subadults. This may be consistent with the oligogynous mating system of roe deer, in which the reproductive success is divided amongst several years and their territoriality, which could be a tactic to reduce the competition for mating.

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The parasites of wild ungulates from the Vysoké Tatry region of Slovakia

80%

Kowal J., Chovancova B., Chovancova G., Okrutniak M., Wyrobisz A., Nosal P.

Annals of Parasitology

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2016

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tom 62

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nr Suppl.

4

Relationships between wild ungulates density and crop damage in Hungary

80%

Bleier N., Lehoczki R., Ujvary D., Szemethy L., Csanyi S.

Acta Theriologica

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 4

Game damage to agriculture represents one of the most important and most frequent human–wildlife conflicts worldwide. In Hungary and in the other European countries, damage caused by wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) is the most significant. The volume of damage is correlated with the population density of the game species, however, not exclusively. Since the growing expansion of wild ungulates is a general tendency in Europe, increasing conflicts can be envisaged. The objective of our study was to assess the possible relationships between the amount of agricultural game damage and big game population density considering some other factors (e.g. habitat structure, sown area of cultivated plants) by analysing wildlife management and land-use statistics for the 19 counties of Hungary from 1997 to 2008. According to the results, crop damage positively correlated with the population density of red deer and wild boar, with the length of forest edge, and the proportion of the sown area of maize. According to the regression model, these factors could be accountable for 74.2 % of the total agricultural game damage.

5

Ecological niches of five big ungulates in a forest tract

80%

Dzieciolowski R. M.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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1991

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tom 33

6

Food habits of ungulates in dry tropical forests of Gir Lion Sanctuary, Guarajat, India

80%

Khan J. A.

Acta Theriologica

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1994

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tom 39

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nr 2

Food habits of chital Axis axis (Exrleben, 1777), sambar Ceruus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) and nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas, 1776) of Gir Lion Sanctuary were studied from January 1987 to December 1988. Data were collected on feeding animals by direct observations using scan and focai animal sampling methods. Results suggest that all three species are mixed feeders to varying degree and grass to browse ratio varied significantly in different seasons. Chitai utilised 38 species of shrubs, ten species of grasses and two species of climbers whereas sambar and nilgai utilised 29 and 19 species of shrubs, respectively. As a result of drought in 1987, chital utilised far greater proportion of browse (leaves and shoots) during 1988 compared to 1987, sambar diet mainly comprised of bark material of six plant species during winter and summer of 1988. All three species utilised different species of Acacia and Zizyphus in Gir but their utilisation differed significantly between different species thereby facilitating their co-existence.

7

Predation of Eurasian lynx on roe deer and red deer in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland

80%

Okarma H., Jedrzejewski W., Schmidt K., Kowalczyk R., Jedrzejewska B.

Acta Theriologica

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1997

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tom 42

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nr 2

Patterns of lynx Lynx lynx {Linnaeus, 1758) predation on ungulates were studied in the Polish part of Białowieża Primeval Forest (580 km ) from scats and prey remains of iynx between 1985-1996, and radiotracking of IS lynx between 1991-1996, Cervids were the main prey and constituted 90% of food biomass consumed (analysis of faeces) and 84% of prey killed. Roe deer Capreotus capreolus was positively selected by all lynx (though stronger by females and subadults than by adult males). Fawns and adult roe deer of both sexes were preyed on in proportion to their abundance in the population. Red deer Ceruus elaphus was taken less often than would have been expected at random, and fawns were positively selected by lynx. On average, lynx spent 76 h (3.2 days) feeding on a killed deer (from 38 h in a female with 3 kittens to 105 h in single adult females). Mean searching time (ie time from leaving the remains of one deer to killing another one) was 52 h (2.2 days); from 10 h in a female with 3 young to 104 h in subadults. Thus, the average kill rate by lynx was one deer per 5.4 days. Predation impact of lynx population on roe and red deer was estimated in 1991-1996, when recorded numbers were 288-492 roe deer and 359-607 red deer per 100 km" in late winter (March), and 501-820 roe deer and 514-858 red deer per 100 km" in spring (May/June). During that period densities of deer declined markedly due to deliberately elevated hunting harvest by forestry personnel, aimed at reduction of game damage to silviculture. Densities of adult lynx were little variable (2.4-3.2 inds/100 km2), but reproduction rate strongly varied in response to deer decline, from 0.67 juv/adult lynx in 1991/92 to 0.25 juv/adult lynx in 1995/96. Annually, lynx population killed 110-169 roe deer/100 km2, which constituted 21-36% of spring (seasonally highest) numbers of roe deer. Lynx predation was the most important factor of roe deer mortality. Furthermore, lynx population took 42-70 red deer/100 km2 annually, which constituted 6-13% of spring number of red deer. In red deer mortality, lynx predation played an inferior role to hunting harvest and wolf predation.

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Estimation of roe deer Capreolus capreolus and mouflon Ovis aries densities, abundance and habitat use in a mountainous Mediterranean area

80%

Tsaparis D., Katsanevakis S., Stamouli C., Legakis A.

Acta Theriologica

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2008

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tom 53

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nr 1

The abundance, density, and habitat use of roe deerCapreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) and mouflonOvis aries Linnaeus, 1758 were studied in a confined Mediterranean area in Greece with a dung survey based on the faecal accumulation rate (FAR) technique. Estimated density was modelled with generalized additive models using altitude, habitat type, and slope as potential covariates. Model selection among the set of candidate models was conducted based on their generalized cross-validation score. Roe deer had an estimated mean density of 13.9 ind./km2 and the best model included slope and habitat type as covariates. The mean density of mouflon in the study area was 22.1 ind./km2 and the best model used altitude and habitat type as covariates. For both species, the highest densities were encountered in abandoned cultivations and glades, followed by conifer forests, while the lowest densities were observed in maquis. However, use of open habitats by mouflon was much greater than it was for roe deer. The strong preference of mouflon (a grazer species) for open habitats that were abundant with grasses probably reflected food availability and contrasted with the more diverse habitat use by roe deer (a selective browser).

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Data for estimating eaten prey masses from Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx scats in Central and East Europe

70%

Ruhe F., Burmester T., Ksinsik M.

Acta Theriologica

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2007

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tom 52

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nr 3

To derive a model which allows estimating eaten prey masses from lynxLynx lynx Linnaeus, 1758 scats, we fed 3 roe deerCapreolus capreolus, 2 wild boarsSus scrofa, 1 fallow deerDama dama, 1 mouflonOvis ammon musimon, 1 European hareLepus europaeus and 1 daily diet of miceMus musculus to two adult lynx. The percentage of prey use decreased with an increase in the offered body mass of the prey individual. Conversion factors from dry matter scat mass to fresh matter mass of eaten prey (y) increased linearly as the eaten mass of the prey individual (x) rose:y = 15.06 + 1.330x,R 2 = 0.643,F 1,7 = 12.6,p < 0.01. For estimating eaten prey masses from lynx scats we recommend to use (1) this equation as well as (2) prey type-specific conversion factors and (3) prey type-specific quotients of the eaten prey mass per scat.

Ograniczanie wyników

Ungulates of the middle Miocene Monarch Mill Formation, Churchill County, Nevada, USA

Age-specific reproductive behaviours in male roe deer Capreolus capreolus

The parasites of wild ungulates from the Vysoké Tatry region of Slovakia

Relationships between wild ungulates density and crop damage in Hungary

Ecological niches of five big ungulates in a forest tract

Food habits of ungulates in dry tropical forests of Gir Lion Sanctuary, Guarajat, India

Predation of Eurasian lynx on roe deer and red deer in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland

Estimation of roe deer Capreolus capreolus and mouflon Ovis aries densities, abundance and habitat use in a mountainous Mediterranean area

Data for estimating eaten prey masses from Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx scats in Central and East Europe