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1

The fidelity of the translation of the genetic code

100%
Sankaranarayanan R.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2001
|
tom 48
|
nr 2
Aminoacyl-tRNA syn the tas es play a cen tral role in main tain ing ac cu racy dur ing the trans la tion of the ge netic code. To achieve this chal leng ing task they have to dis crim i- nate against amino ac ids that are very closely re lated not only in struc ture but also in chem i cal na ture. A 'dou ble-sieve' ed it ing model was pro posed in the late sev en ties to ex plain how two closely re lated amino ac ids may be dis crim i nated. How ever, a clear un der stand ing of this mech a nism re quired struc tural in for ma tion on syn the tas es that are faced with such a prob lem of amino acid dis crim i na tion. The first struc tural ba sis for the editing model came recently from the crystal structure of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, a class I synthetase, which has to dis crim i nate against valine. The struc­ture showed the pres ence of two cat a lytic sites in the same en zyme, one for ac ti va tion, a coarse sieve which binds both isoleucine and valine, and an other for ed it ing, a fine sieve which binds only valine and rejects isoleucine. An other struc ture of the en zyme in com plex with tRNA showed that the tRNA is re spon si ble for the translocation of the misactivated amino-acid substrate from the catalytic site to the editing site. These studies were mainly fo cused on class I syn the tas es and the sit u a tion was not clear about how class II enzymes discriminate against similar amino acids. The recent struc tural and en zy matic stud ies on threonyl-tRNA synthetase, a class II en zyme, re­veal how this chal leng ing task is achieved by us ing a unique zinc ion in the ac tive site as well as by em ploy ing a sep a rate do main for spe cific ed it ing ac tiv ity. These stud ies led us to pro pose a model which em pha sizes the mir ror sym met ri cal ap proach of the two classes of en zymes and high lights that tRNA is the key player in the evo lu tion of these class of enzymes.
2

Blocking of the function of alfa-sarcin domain of 28S ribosomal RNA using the synthetic oligonucleotides as antisense DNA probes

86%
Grzywacz-Bohun E., Twardowski T.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
1992
|
tom 39
|
nr 1
3

RNA localization and its role in the spatially restricted protein synthesis

86%
Kloc M., Bilinski S. M.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
|
2003
|
tom 41
|
nr 1
4

Translational frameshift sites within bacteriophage lambda genes rexA and cI

86%
Hayes S., Bull H. J.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
1999
|
tom 46
|
nr 4
Phage λ's cI-rexA-rexB operon displays an intriguing example of regulation by an unexplained mechanism of polarity. We have identified three potential -1 translational frameshift sites and present a model for translational frameshift suppression by lambda's CI repressor as a mechanism of regulating operon polarity, implying an additional role for CI self-regulation.
5

The phosphorylation of elongation factor EF-1 isolated from guerin epithelioma

86%
Marcinkiewicz C., Gajko A., Galasinski W.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
1992
|
tom 39
|
nr 1
6

Codon recognition by tRNA

72%
Olejniczak M.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
nr 1
59-64
7

Two pathogenic mutations located within the 5'-regulatory sequence of the GJB1 gene affecting initiation of transcription and translation

72%
Kabzinska D., Kotruchow K., Ryniewicz B., Kochanski A.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2011
|
tom 58
|
nr 3
 In contrast to mutations in the coding sequences of a genes involved in the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), little is known about CMT phenotypes resulting from a DNA variants located in regulatory sequences of a given " CMT gene". Charcot-Marie-Tooth type X1 disease (CMTX1) is caused by mutations in the GJB1 gene coding for an ion channel known as connexin, with a molecular mass of 32 kDa (Cx32). Only 0.01% of the GJB1 gene mutations have been reported in its 5' regulatory sequence. Pathogenic mutations occured in the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) are extremely rarely reported in human genetic disorders. To the best of our knowledge, in this study we report for the first time in an Eastern European population, two CMTX1 families in which two pathogenic mutations in the 5' regulatory sequence of the GJB1 gene (c.-529T>C and -459C>T) have been found. The two mutations identified in our study disturb the 5' UTR sequence in two different ways, by affecting the transcription factor SOX10 binding site (c.-529T>C) and by the disrupting IRES element of GJB1 gene (c.-459C>T). These regions are responsible for transcription (SOX10) and initiation of translation (IRES), respectively. On the basis of our findings that, in contrast to the most DNA sequence variants reported in untranslated regulatory regions of genes, the c.-459C>T and c.-529T>C mutations remain pathogenic in the context of different ethnic background.
8
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Content available

Modelling of the robot sensor system

72%
Rygallo A.
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
|
2012
|
tom 12
|
nr 2
9

Recycling of eucaryotic ribosomes

72%
Tyczewska A., Bakowska-Zywicka K.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
nr 1
81-85
10

Translational readthrough of a termination codon in the yeast mitochondrial mRNA VAR1 as a result of mutation in the release factor mRF1

72%
Claisse M. L., Boguta M., Zagorski W.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2005
|
tom 52
|
nr 1
Yeast mitochondrial DNA codes for eight major polypeptides. Translation of he mitochondrially encoded polypeptides in strains with mutated mitochondrial release factor, mRF1, was found to result in the synthesis of a novel protein, V2. Different mrf1 alleles were associated with different efficiency of V2p synthesis. Translation of V2p was enhanced by paromomycin. Comparative analysis of peptides resulting from protease digestion indicated that V2p is a derivative of Var1p. According to our hypothesis, V2p represents a readthrough product of the natural stop codon in VAR1 mRNA.
11

Evidence for plant ribosomal 5S RNA involvement in elongation of polypeptide chain biosynthesis

72%
Shaikhin S., Sobkiewicz A., Barciszewski J., Twardowski T.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
1994
|
tom 41
|
nr 1
A series of short oligo-DNA probes (8-10-mers) complementary to various regions of the plant ribosomal 5S ribonucleic acid (5S rRNA) have been synthesized. The results of their hybridization to free 5S rRNA and to ribosomes pointed to the availability of nucleotides in loop "C" for complexation. We found a correlation between hybridization of selected oligonucleotides and their inhibitory effect on enzymatic binding of Phe-tRNA and poly(Phe) synthesis on wheat germ 80S ribosomes. Evidence was obtained for involvement of 5S rRNA in the elongation of polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. 5S rRNA seems to play a critical role in protein biosynthesis, probably through causing conformational changes of loop C.
12

Extraribosomal function of the acidic ribosomal P1-protein YP1alpha from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

72%
Tchorzewski M., Boldyreff B., Grankowski N.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
1999
|
tom 46
|
nr 4
The yeast acidic ribosomal P-proteins YP1α, YP1β, YP2a and YP2b were studied for a possible transactivation potential beside their ribosomal function. The fusions of P-proteins with the GAL4 DNA-binding domain were assayed toward their transcriptional activity with the aid of reporter genes in yeast. Two of the P-proteins, YP1α and YP1β, exhibited transactivation potential, however, only YP1α can be regarded as a potent transactivator. This protein was able to transactivate a reporter gene associated with two distinct promoter systems, GAL1 or CYC1. Additionally, truncated proteins of YP1α and YP1β were analyzed. The N-terminal part of YP1α fused to GAL4-BD showed transactivation potential but the C-terminal part did not. Our results suggest a putative extraribosomal function for these ribosomal proteins which consequently may be classified as "moonlighting" proteins.
13

Genomics and the evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis

72%
Ruan B., Ahel I., Ambrogelly A., Becker H. D., Bunjun S., Feng L., Tumbula-Hansen D., Ibba M., Korencic D., Kobayashi H., Jacquin-Becker C., Mejlhede N., Min B., Raczniak G., Rinehart J., Stathopoulos C., Li T., Soll D.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2001
|
tom 48
|
nr 2
Trans la tion is the pro cess by which ri bo somes di rect pro tein syn the sis us ing the ge­netic in for ma tion con tained in mes sen ger RNA (mRNA). Trans fer RNAs (tRNAs) are charged with an amino acid and brought to the ri bo some, where they are paired with the cor re spond ing trinucleotide codon in mRNA. The amino acid is at tached to the na­scent polypeptide and the ri bo some moves on to the next codon. Thus, the se quen tial pair ing of codons in mRNA with tRNA anticodons de ter mines the or der of amino ac­ids in a pro tein. It is there fore im per a tive for ac cu rate trans la tion that tRNAs are only cou pled to amino ac ids cor re spond ing to the RNA anticodon. This is mostly, but not exclusively, achieved by the di rectattachmentoftheappropriateaminoacidtothe 3 -end of the cor re spond ing tRNA by the aminoacyl-tRNA syn the tas es. To en sure the accurate translation of genetic information, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases must display an extremely high level of substrate specificity. Despite this highly conserved function, re cent stud ies aris ing from the anal y sis of whole genomes have shown a significant de gree of evo lu tion ary di ver sity in aminoacyl-tRNA syn the sis. For ex am ple, non-canonical routes have been iden ti fied for the syn the sis of Asn-tRNA, Cys-tRNA, Gln-tRNA and Lys-tRNA. Char ac ter iza tion of non-canonical aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis has re vealed an un ex pected level of evo lu tion ary di ver gence and has also pro vided new in sights into the pos si ble pre cur sors of con tem po rary aminoacyl-tRNA syn the tases.
14
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Content available

Effect of osmotic stress on in vitro translational capacity of polysomes and on the composition of polysome-associated proteins in germinating seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

58%
Brosowska-Arendt W., Weidner S.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2012
|
tom 81
|
nr 3
Plant growth throughout the world is often limited by unfavourable environmental conditions. This paper reports results of a study on long- and short-term osmotic stress (−0.5 MPa) followed by a recovery on in vitro translational capacity of polysomes and on the composition of polysome-associated proteins in germinating pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. Here we show that, under osmotic stress, cytoskeleton-bound polysomes were charaterized by the highest translation activity, which may be indicative of an important role that this population of polysomes plays in the synthesis of the so-called “stress proteins”. We also find out that in response to osmotic stress, new proteins (22.01, 96.47 and 105.3 kDa), absent in the unstressed sample, associated with the total pool of polysomes, whereas the protein of 22.95 kDa, which was present in the embryonic tissue of seeds germinating under unstressed conditions, disappeared. These changes may have affected both the stability and the translational capacity of polysomes.
15

Customer/translator relations - working effectively with translators

58%
Turner L. J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Podlaskiej. Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie
|
2009
|
nr 09[82]
16

DNA endoreduplication, RNA and protein synthesis during growth and development of the antheridial basal cell in Chara vulgaris L.

58%
Malinowski S., Maszewski J.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
|
1994
|
tom 32
|
nr 2
17

Candidate mRNAs interacting with fertility protein PUMILIO2 in the human germ line

58%
Spik A., Oczkowski S., Olszak A., Kotecki M., Formanowicz P., Blazewicz J., Jaruzelska J.
Reproductive Biology
|
2006
|
tom 06
|
nr Suppl.1
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