Foreign DNA can integrate into DNA genomes via two main classes of integration mechanisms: homologous recombination that draws on sequence similarity between the integrating sequences and the DNA genomes and non-homologous, or, illegitimate integration. Illegitimate integration of foreign DNA facilitates the modification of a cell’s genetic content and produces transgenic animals but this process can have dramatic repercussions on the content, organization, and function of the recipient genome. A better understanding of the mechanisms and factors governing illegitimate DNA integration would help reduce the risk of unforeseeable genomic alterations. The article discusses the current state of knowledge about integrating foreign DNA and its consequences.
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