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Enzymatic assay of opioid analgesic, tramadol, using horseradish peroxidase

100%

Sridevi N., Srilakshmi C., Alekya G., Bala Sekaran C.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2014

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tom 11

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nr 1

Three novel and sensitive enzymatic methods have been developed for the quantification of tramadol in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The proposed methods are based on the reaction of tramadol with 3-methylbenzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone (method A), aniline (method B) and aminoantipyrine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase to give colored complexes. The colored complexes obtained with 3-methylbenzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone, aniline and aminoantipyrine exhibit absorption maxima at 480 nm, 550 nm and 530 nm, respectively. Regression analysis of Beer’s plots showed good correlation for tramadol in the concentration range (μg/mL) 2-12 for the methods A & B and 4-24 for the method C. The experimental parameters were studied and optimized. The precision and accuracy of the methods were satisfactory. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the quantification of tramadol in 3 brands of commercially available tablet dosage forms. The results were compared satisfactorily with the official method.

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Suppressive effect of electromagnetic field on analgesic activity of tramadol in rats

75%

Bodera P., Stankiewicz W., Antkowiak B., Paluch M., Kieliszek J., Sobiech J., Zdanowski R., Wojdas A., Siwicki A. K., Skopinska-Rozewska E.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2012

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tom 15

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nr 1

The electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been shown to alter animal and human behavior, such as directional orientation, learning, pain perception (nociception or analgesia) and anxiety-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of electromagnetic fields of high-frequency microwaves on pain perception and anti-nociceptive activity of tramadol (TRAM) - analgetic effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain states. Electromagnetic fields exposures of a) 1500 MHz frequency and b) modulated, 1800 MHz (which is identical to that generated by mobile phones) were applied. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to thermal stimulus was measured in vehicle or tramadol (TRAM) treated animals before and after 30, 60 and 90 minutes from injections. The differences in the level of pain (PWL) between control group and rats exposed to EMF alone in three measurements, were not observed. Tramadol alone significantly increased PWLs to thermal stimulus in comparison to vehicle results at 30 (p < 0.001) and 60 minutes (p < 0.05) after drug injection. EMF exposure of both frequencies transiently suppressed analgesic effect of tramadol, significantly reducing paw withdrawal latency in animals treated with this drug at 30 minutes from the drug injection.

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Efficacy of tramadol in combination with doxepin or venlafaxine in inhibition of nociceptive process in the rat model of neuropathic pain: an isobolographic analysis

75%

Wrzosek A., Obara I., Wordliczek J., Przewlocka B.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2009

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tom 60

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nr 4

71-78

Neuropathic pain constitutes a serious therapeutic problem. In most cases polytherapy is necessary. Tramadol and antidepressants have common mechanisms of action and are frequently used together in clinical practice, thus interaction between them is very important. In the present study isobolographic analysis for equivalent doses of drugs was applied to examine the nature of interaction between tramadol and doxepin or venlafaxine in a neuropathic pain model in rats. Allodynia and hyperalgesia were assessed after intraperitoneal administration of each drug alone or in combination. Dose response curves were obtained and ED50 doses were calculated. All drugs were effective in reducing thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, however doxepin was more effective than venlafaxine. Combined administration of tramadol and doxepin demonstrated synergistic action in reducing thermal hyperalgesia and additive action in reducing mechanical allodynia. Combined administration of tramadol and venlafaxine showed additive action in reducing hyperalgesia and allodynia. Moreover, combined administration of tramadol and doxepin was more effective than combined administration of tramadol and venlafaxine. The experiments demonstrated that the nature of interaction between tramadol and doxepin is synergistic, which is not the case for tramadol and venlafaxine, what provides a valuable information referring to clinical practice, rationalizing administration of such drug combination.

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Dawkowanie tramadolu w postaci czopkow u psow z punktu widzenia farmakokinetyki

63%

Lebkowska-Wieruszewska B., Kowalski C., Giorgi M., Saccomanni G.

Magazyn Weterynaryjny

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2009

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tom 18

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nr 10

1118

5

Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and metabolites after injective administrations in dogs

63%

Giorgi M., Del Carlo S., Lebkowska-Wieruszewska B., Kowalski C. J., Saccomanni G.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2010

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tom 13

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nr 4

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its main metabolites after IV and IM injections. The pharmacokinetic cross-over study was carried out on 6 healthy male beagle dogs. Tramadol was administered by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) injection at 4 mg/kg. Tramadol and its main metabolites O-desmethyl-tramadol (M1), N-,N-didesmethyl-tramadol (M2) and N-,O-didesmethyl-tramadol (M5) concentrations were measured in plasma samples by a HPLC coupled with fluorimetric detection; pharmacokinetic evaluations were carried out with a compartmental and non-compartmental model for tramadol and its metabolites, respectively. The bioavailability of the drug, ranging between 84-102% (mean 92%), was within the generally accepted values for a positive bioequivalence decision of (80-125%). After the IM injection the mean plasma drug concentration peak was reached after a Tmax of 0.34 h with a Cmax of 2.52 μg/mL. No therapeutic relevant differences were observed between IM and IV administration. The minimal effective plasma concentration was reached after a few minutes and maintained for about 6-7 h in both administrations. M1 plasma concentration was low and the amounts of the other metabolites produced were analogous in both routes of administration. In conclusion, tramadol was rapidly and almost completely absorbed after IM administration and its systemic availability was equivalent to the IV injection. The different onset time and duration of action observed were very small and probably therapeutically irrelevant. The IM injection is a useful alternative to IV injection in the dog.

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Farmakokinetyka tramadolu oraz jego glownych metabolitow po jednorazowym podaniu per os tabletki o przedluzonym uwalnianiu oraz czopkow per rectum u psow

63%

Lebkowska-Wieruszewska B., Kowalski C. J., Saccomanni G., Giorgi M.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2009

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tom 65

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nr 10

687-692

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of T and its major metabolites M1, M2 and M5 after the single oral administration of an SR tablet and rectal suppositories in dogs (4-6 mg·kg⁻¹ m.c.). The plasma concentration data after SR-tablet and rectal administration were fitted on the basis of a mono- and non-compartmental model, respectively. T plasma concentration after SR tablet administration was quantitatively detected in three dogs, M1 was quantized in only one dog while M2 and M5 were quantized in all the dogs. T showed median values of Cmax, Tmax and T₁/₂ of 40 (20-170) ng·mL⁻¹, 3 (4-2) and 1.88 (2.21-1.44) hours, respectively. M5 showed median values of Cmax, Tmax and T₁/₂ of 0.1 (90-190) ng·mL⁻¹, 2 (3-1) and 4.23 (6.58-1.85) hours, respectively. M2 showed median values of Cmax, Tmax and T₁/₂ of 220 (80-330) ng·mL⁻¹, 4 (7-3) and 4.49 (6.39-1.57) hours, respectively. Following rectal administration, T was detected from 5 minutes up to 10 h in a smaller amount than M5 and M2. T median value of Cmax was 140 ± 60 ng·mL⁻¹ in 0.56 ± 0.41 h (Tmax). K₀₁ t₁/₂ and K₁₀ t₁/₂ were 0.27 ± 0.25 h and 2.24 ± 1.82 h, respectively. M1 was detectable from 5 min up to 2 h, showing low values (7-28 ng·mL⁻¹). The present findings suggest oral SR tablet and suppository rectal formulation have similar pharmacokinetic behavior and would not have suitable pharmacokinetic characteristics to be administered once-a-day as an effective and safe treatment for pain in dogs.

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Zastosowanie tramadolu w iniekcji u psów

63%

Lebkowska-Wieruszewska B., Kowalski C. J., Saccomanni G., Del Carlo S., Giorgi M.

Magazyn Weterynaryjny

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2012

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tom 21

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nr 07

8

Przyczyny i leczenie przewlekłego bólu u psów

51%

Jank M.

Magazyn Weterynaryjny

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2019

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tom 28

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nr 05

9

Anestezja i analgezja kotów - najnowsze osiągnięcia

45%

Messenger K.

Weterynaria po Dyplomie

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2016

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tom 17

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nr 5

Ograniczanie wyników

Enzymatic assay of opioid analgesic, tramadol, using horseradish peroxidase

Suppressive effect of electromagnetic field on analgesic activity of tramadol in rats

Efficacy of tramadol in combination with doxepin or venlafaxine in inhibition of nociceptive process in the rat model of neuropathic pain: an isobolographic analysis

Dawkowanie tramadolu w postaci czopkow u psow z punktu widzenia farmakokinetyki

Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and metabolites after injective administrations in dogs

Farmakokinetyka tramadolu oraz jego glownych metabolitow po jednorazowym podaniu per os tabletki o przedluzonym uwalnianiu oraz czopkow per rectum u psow

Zastosowanie tramadolu w iniekcji u psów

Przyczyny i leczenie przewlekłego bólu u psów

Anestezja i analgezja kotów - najnowsze osiągnięcia