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Principles of nutrition in sports training and health training

100%

Sygit K.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna

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2016

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tom 15

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nr 4

Proper nutrition is a decisive factor of growth and development of a young organism. It has also a major impact on athletic performance. The aim of this paper is to discuss the basic principles of nutrition in sports training and health training. The size, composition and times of meals may have a huge impact on sports performance. Good dietary practices allow athletes to train hard, regenerate quickly, adapt better, while reducing the risk of illness and injury. Athletes should use appropriate nutritional strategies before and after their performances, so as to achieve the best results. They should pay special attention to the amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals in their food:, as well as the amount of consumed fluids.

2

Gender differences in the Achilles tendon load during the fencing lunge

88%

Sinclair J. K., Bottoms L.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2014

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tom 06

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nr 3

Background: Recent epidemiological analyses in fencing have shown that injuries and pain linked specifically to fencing training/competition were evident in 92.8% of fencers. Specifically the prevalence of Achilles tendon pathology has increased substantially in recent years, and males have been identified as being at greater risk of Achilles tendon injury compared to their female counterparts. This study aimed to examine gender differences in Achilles tendon loading during the fencing lunge. Material/Methods: Achilles tendon load was obtained from eight male and eight female club level epee fencers using a 3D motion capture system and force platform information as they completed simulated lunges. Independent t-tests were performed on the data to determine whether differences existed. Results: The results show that males were associated with significantly greater Achilles tendon loading rates in comparison to females. Conclusions: This suggests that male fencers may be at greater risk from Achilles tendon pathology as a function of fencing training/ competition.

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Effects of training on the ventilatory response to hypoxia

88%

Adamczyk W., Tafil-Klawe M., Chesy G., Klawe J. J., Szeliga-Wczysla M., Zlomanczuk P.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2006

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tom 57

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nr 4

7-14

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of systematical training on the ventilatory response to hypoxia. A rebreathing technique - progressive isocapnic hypoxia - was used to measure hypoxic chemoreflex reactivity. The ventilatory response was measured in a group of 22 world class adult kayakers (22.6 ±1.9 yr), 16 young kayakers (17.8 ±1.1 yr), and 38 control subjects (21.9 ±1.9 yr). The ventilatory response to hypoxia - analyzed as the relationship (slope) MV/SaO2 (minute ventilation/oxygen arterial blood saturation) - in the adult kayakers was significantly lower (-1.03 ±0.28 L/min/%, P<0.01) compared with those in the control group (-1.81 ±0.54 L/min/%) and the young kayakers (-1.54 ±0.6 L/min/%; the difference between the latter two was insignificant). The following values of P0.1/SaO2 (mouth occlusion pressure/oxygen arterial blood saturation) relationship were found for the investigated groups: adult kayakers (-0.20 ±0.1 cmH2O/%, P<0.05), young kayakers (-0.47 ±0.1 cmH2O/%, N.S.), control group (-0.48 ±0.18 cm H2O/%). Correlation between the hypoxic ventilatory response and VO2max was significant in both groups of kayakers. These findings indicate that tolerance for hypoxia was elevated in the group of athletes compared with the control group. Hypoxic tolerance correlates with the duration of training.

4

The effect of eight weeks of core stability training on the lower extremity joints moment during single-leg drop landing

88%

Fatahi F., Ghasemi G., Karimi M., Beyranvand R.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 1

5

Activities of selected antioxidant enzymes in blood as dependent on training

88%

Hubner-Wozniak E., Panczenko-Kresowska B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1997

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tom 06

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nr 2

6

Discussion of the research results of judo games at the initial stage of long-term training

75%

Masenko L.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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tom 10

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nr 2

The article deals with the effects of improved methods of training 7–12 year old children at the initial stage of long-term training using specialized Judo Games. Modern methods of training in many sports, Judo in particular, are characterized by early specialization. In this regard there could be observed immaturity of some existing training programs when age-related features of beginners are not taken into consideration, and as a result children’s health is suffering unfortunate consequences. Methods of initial Judo training open vast space for perfection and development of this kind of sports. The author initiated and practiced teaching and training process at the IT (initial training) stage Judo beginners by using Judo games as means of full development of physical features and shaping combat skills. This experiment proved to be actual and practically valuable.

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The differences in results of preliminary selection in team sports as the premise to define a profile of a "young football player"

75%

Stihec J., Sroka R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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tom 04

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nr 4

The aim of the work was to define the differences between boys selected for football training and their peers at the beginning stage of different team sports training, as well as those that do not practice any sports discipline. The research material consisted of 97 schoolboys at the age of 10 selected to practice team sports, including football, and 39 non-training boys. All boys attended Szczecin primary schools. Apart from the basic anthropometric characteristics, the following motor skills were analyzed: kinesthetic differentiation, reaction speed, movement frequency, spatial orientation, static balance, maximal lactic anaerobic power, maximal nonlactic anaerobic power, fast muscle activation, aerobic endurance and absolute muscle strength. Not all test results are expressed in SI units. Data obtained through the applied method served as the grounds for defining a profile of a “young football player” as the premise to improve the process of preliminary selection for football. Candidates selected for soccer training presented higher level of kinesthetic differentiation than all other examined boys. They also presented higher level of movement frequency than volleyball players and higher level of space orientation than the not-trained boys. Soccer players nevertheless presented lover level of time of reaction than the candidates selected for basketball training. Results of all condition abilities tests obtained by soccer players were statistically significant better than the one obtained by the untrained boys (p ≤ 0.001) and the candidates for volleyball training (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.001). The greatest differences were noticed in tests of aerobic endurance and maximal non-lactic and lactic anaerobic power.

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The influence of intention implementation on throw effectiveness of young basketball players

75%

Wilczynska D., Lipinska P., Wolujewicz-Czerlonko M.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2014

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tom 06

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nr 4

Background: The purpose of the following research was to find out the influence of imaginary training based on intention implementation on throw effectiveness of young basketball players, both male and female in stressogenic situations. Individual differences (action vs state orientation) between players were also measured in this research. Material/Methods: 76 players (32 females and 44 males) in the cadet category (15-16 years old) from basketball clubs of Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot took part in this research. In the first stage all players did a throw efficiency test ERPE 05 under two conditions, and their heart rate was measured. Then players were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first one did imaginary training based on the influence of intention implementation for 10 days, while the other did not. After 10 days ERPE 05 test under two conditions was run again. Results: Test results showed that intention implementation does not influence effectiveness improvement in stressogenic conditions as far as state-oriented players are concerned, but it does lower the physiological cost of physical effort in form of a decreased heart rate. Conclusions: This research proves that visualization training based on implementation instructions does influence young players’ physiology and significantly lowers their heart rate under stressogenic conditions. However useful, visualization techniques used in this research still need other tests and should be applied for a longer period of time to acutely show how they affect young players’ mental preparation.

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Muscle strength in physically active and inactive prisoners

75%

Naczk M., Jaworski L., Brzenczek-Owczarzak W., Arlet J., Adach Z.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 3

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Inertial training: from the oldest devices to the newest Cyklotren technology

75%

Naczk M., Naczk A., Brzenczek-Owczarzak W., Arlet J., Adach Z.

Trends in Sport Sciences

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2015

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tom 22

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nr 4

Introduction. Inertial training is a little known strength training method. Very few research papers describing the effectiveness of inertial training have been published. Many questions regarding inertial training still remain unanswered. What do we know about the methodology of inertial training? What is the efficacy of inertial training? What are advantages and disadvantages of different inertial devices? The present study attempts to explain the concept of inertial training and recapitulate the state of current knowledge about this training method. Methods. Material for this study consisted of publications retrieved from the PubMed, Springer, SPORTDiscus, and MEDLINE databases. Results. There has been only one scientific study concerned with the optimal methodology of inertial training. In the present paper the authors discuss a method for optimal muscle loading during inertial training. However, most articles reveal a high efficacy of inertial training for strength and power improvement in a relatively short time. Inertial training can evoke functional changes and can be useful in sport practice. There have been a few types of inertial devices, and in the last five years two devices have been designed which enable the development of inertial training methodology: ITMS and Cyklotren. However, since inertial training methodology still remains insufficiently examined, further research is needed in the area. Conclusions. Considering its high effectiveness, inertial training appears to be a highly promising strength training method. However, the methodology of inertial training must be further developed. The application of the new Cyklotren inertial device can greatly facilitate this objective.

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Synaptic mechanisms of sensory perception

75%

Petersen C.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2009

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tom 69

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nr 3

A key goal of modern neuroscience is to understand the neural circuits and the synaptic mechanisms underlying simple forms of sensory perception and associative learning. Here, I will discuss our efforts to characterise sensory processing in the mouse barrel cortex, a brain region known to process tactile information relating to the whiskers on the snout. Each whisker is individually represented in the primary somatosensory neocortex by an anatomical unit termed a “barrel”. The barrels are arranged in a stereotypical map, which allows recordings and manipulations to be targeted with remarkable precision. In this cortical region it may therefore be feasible to gain a quantitative understanding of neocortical function. As a mouse explores its environment, the whiskers are actively moved backwards and forwards as if searching the space for tactile input. Indeed sensory information in this pathway is usually actively acquired. It is therefore crucial to measure and manipulate cortical function in awake behaving mice. We have begun this process using whole-cell recordings, voltage-sensitive dye imaging, viral manipulations and two-photon microscopy. Through combining these techniques with behavioural training, our experiments provide new insight into sensory perception at the level of individual neurons and their synaptic connections.

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Evaluation of health benefits of peripheral resistance training based on energy expenditure in women aged 25-35 years

75%

Rozpara M., Nowak E., Nawrocka A., Polechonski J., Debska M., Mlynarski W.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2019

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tom 13

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nr 1

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of peripheral strength training in women according to the ACSM protocol. Material and methods. This study involved 90 women aged 29.2±3.3 years, who performed three sets of 10 resistance exercises repeated 10-15 times with a 60% load of 1RM. Energy expenditure (EE) during the exercises was measured with the Caltrac Monitor accelerometer. Their intensity (relative EE) was expressed in kcal/min. Results were compared to the recommended volume of daily physical activity according to the proposals of Paffenbarter and colleagues. Effort of at least moderate intensity (5.5-7.4 kcal/min) was considered to be beneficial for health. Results. The average EE of the entire training was 293 kcal, resistance exercises 230 kcal and the average intensity effort was 7.3 kcal/min. It was shown that peripheral resistance training, according to the ACSM Protocol, allowed all examined women to fulfil pro-health recommendations for the volume and intensity of daily physical activity (in terms of absolute and relative energy expenditure). Conclusions. Peripheral resistance training in accordance with ACSM protocol can be recommended to women aged 25-35 as a form of implementation of pro-health recommendations in the scope of due daily energy expenditure on physical effort, as well as its intensity.

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The ability to maintain static balance in competitors of cyclic sports at the stage of directed training

75%

Zurek P., Rynkiewicz M., Rynkiewicz T., Kos H.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2010

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tom 17

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nr 3

14

The role of individual differences in learner activation of language learning strategies. Part 1. The age factor: an overview of the research

75%

Dabrowska M.

Rozprawy Naukowe. Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Naukowa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej

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2009

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tom 03

Since the early 1970s, it has been clear that there is neither a single, universal method of foreign language teaching/learning nor a single, unified set of techniques that could guarantee all learners’ successful accomplishment of the complex task of language learning. Learners are different and, therefore, even the most thoroughly planned and well designed syllabuses or learning agendas cannot prove fully effective if we ignore the crucial issue of individual learner differences. Apart from the age factor, which determines human cognitive, linguistic, social, and emotional development, there are many other individual variables which seem to influence the learning process and its outcomes. These comprise the learner’s cognitive/leam- ing styles and personality traits as well as his/her repertoire of strategies for language learning and use. In this series of three articles, the author presents an overview of research studies which show correlations between selected cognitive as well as affective factors and the learner’s individual choice and use of learning strategies. She also discusses implications for foreign language teaching/learning, focusing on the idea of learner strategy training.

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Osoblivosti fizkul'turno-sportivnoi dial'nosti v aspekti pidhotovki maibutnih uciteliv fizycnoi kul'turi

75%

Karasevic S.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna

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2017

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tom 16

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nr 3

У статті розкрито особливості фізкультурно-спортивної діяльності майбутніх учителів фізичної культури в аспекті їх фахової підготовки. Висвітлено діяльність учителя фізичної культури, яка має свої особливості, оскільки відбувається у незвичайних умовах, порівняно з діяльністю інших учителів. Виокремлено загальні особливості цієї діяльності (високі вимоги до професіоналізму і до особистості вчителя; високу ступінь відповідальності за фізичне і психологічне благополуччя його підопічних, уміння спілкуватися зі своїми вихованцями; підвищена стресогенність діяльності вчителя фізичної культури; необмежений обсяг навчально-тренувальної роботи, нерегламентований характер його діяльності; агітаційні здібності для підбору учнів у групу; гарна спортивна форма; специфіка роботи вчителя фізичної культури, організатора фізкультурно-спортивної діяльності) та часткові особливості (навчально-тренувальна спрямованість його діяльності, його фізкультурно-спортивна спеціалізація, оскільки успішність роботи оцінюється, як правило, спортивними досягненнями його учнів; помірно виражена оздоровча, здоров’язбережувальна, еколого-просвітницька, цивільно-патріотична та культурно-масова спрямованість діяльності; ставлення до фізичної культури і спорту та до нього особисто учнів загальноосвітньої школи). Доведено, що формування педагога є складним процесом, у ході якого особистісні структури зазнають значних змін, пов’язаних зі становленням здатності до рефлексії, співпраці, дисциплінованості.

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Orienteers physical and mental potential determinants for promoting sustainable training process development in ecological approach

75%

Fernate A., Smila B.

Aktywność Ruchowa Ludzi w Różnym Wieku

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2006

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tom 10

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nr 2

17

Effects of walking training performed using continuous and interval methods on weight loss as effective strategies among postpartum women

75%

Zert M.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 1

18

Factors differentiating and determining the level of results in the race walking of women of high qualification

75%

Baj-Korpak J.

Rozprawy Naukowe. Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Naukowa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej

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2009

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tom 03

The objective of the reported study was a trial of selecting factors that differentiate and, simultaneously, determine a sports level of women specializing in race walking. The study covered 35 one-year training macrocycles. The material collected was divided into three blocks. The study was conducted with the method of recording, gathering and analysis of training loads worked out at the Department of the Theory of Sports, Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw. Use was also made of the classification of training means groups for the event of race walking elaborated by Krzysztof Perkowski, with own modification. Differences in training loads between three groups of sportswomen were evaluated with the use of a one-way analysis of variance (a parametric test ANOVA), and the Kruskal-Wallis test (a non-parametric test). Once the result was significant (p<0.05), the differences between groups were evaluated with the Tukey (RIR) test (for parametric tests) or with the multiple comparison test (for the Kruskal-Wallis test). Loads that significantly differentiated the training of sportswomen at various levels of advancement turned out to be efforts realized in the fourth area of energetic transformations (T₄), directed loads (D) as well as versatile loads realized in the fourth area of intensity (V₄). The achievement of high scores is facilitated by reduction of those loads and by increasing the special loads realized in the fourth area of energetic transformations (S₃), the effect of which appeared to be statistically significant. Another factor differentiating the levels of sports advancement turned out be the special loads realized in the fifth area of intensity (S₅).

19

Development of physical qualities among 5-6 years old children who do swimming

75%

Shuba L., Shuba V.

Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe

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2019

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tom 02

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nr 2

Swimming is an Olympic kind of sport in which sportsmen demonstrate their technical skills and speed and also set worldwide records. The chosen sport combines the possibility of harmonious development of the body, wellbeing orientation, and emotionality. The predominant orientation of the training process in the groups of initial training is the training and improvement of swimming skills in sporting ways, the development of overall endurance, flexibility and speed of movement. The goal is to improve the technique of development of physical qualities of 5-6 year-old swimmers at the stage of initial training. Organization of the research. We divided a school year symbolically into 2 semesters. There was an indepth study of swimming techniques like crawl and backstroke and familiarization with the elements of swimming in a dolphin way during the first half of the year (October-December). The second half (January-May) was devoted to improving such swimming techniques as crawl and backstroke. Results. It is important to determine the target indicators - the final and intermediate (current), which can be judged on the implementation of tasks; develop a general scheme for constructing a training process; determine the dynamics of training parameters and loads, as well as the system of restoration of work, aimed at achieving the main and intermediate goals in order to maximize the implementation of our methodology. As a result, the best growth of the results was in the tests: flexion and unbending of the hands in lying position: Control Group (hereinafter CG) – 9,71%; Experimental Group (hereinafter EG) – 15, 21%; body inclination forward in sitting position: CG – by 6,34%; EG – 12,62%; burpee: CG – 8,65%; EG – 16,34%; high jump: CG – 8,37%; EG – 14,03%. Conclusions. The obtained results testify the effectiveness of our improved methodology, which aim is to use specially selected exercises and has an alternative percentage distribution of all components of sports training.

20

Introductory studies on links between biometric rates of growing trotters and parameters of their training advance on initial training stage

75%

Kapron M., Janczarek I., Marchel I.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Animal Husbandry

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2006

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tom 09

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nr 3

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