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One of the most important sources of noise pollution in urban areas is traffic noise. The aim of the present study was to determine noise pollution in the different parts of Yazd city in 2010 and to compare them with current standard levels. In total, 135 samples were obtained from both residential and commercial areas according to the ISO 1996-2002 method in order to measure noise pressure levels. Locations included 10 streets and 5 squares of the city and the measurement times were considered in the morning, afternoon, and the evening. Noise level was determined in A-weighted by sound level meter model 2232. Results showed that the rate of background noise in Yazd city was high, as it was 71,2±4.4, 66.2±3.7, and 60.3±4 in the L₁₀, L₅₀, and L₉₀, respectively. The mean level of maximum noise pressure was 74.3 dB(A) (Lmax), and the mean continuous sound equivalent level was 66.7 dB(A) (Leq). Comparing the noise level obtained in the present study to the standard level, it can be obviously concluded that the noise levels are higher than that of acceptable levels in most parts of the city. So, different preventive countermeasures such as increasing public awareness through educational programs and technical controls for the future development of the city are crucial.
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of traffic-origin, adsorbed on PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter in Zabrze, Upper Silesia, Poland, is investigated for summer 2005. Exposure levels for the particulate PAHs near the crossroads is about 66 ng/m³ and 44 ng/m³ for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The relative concentration increase of these compounds in road intersections compared to the concentration away from traffic emissions is equal to 189% and 237% for PAHs associated with PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The fingerprint of PAHs contained in PM2.5 is distinctly different near the crossroads compared to the urban background site, while the fingerprints of PAHs contained in PM10 at both sites are almost the same.
The results of the pilot study of exposure to airborne particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) close to a busy street in Gliwice in the spring are presented. Traffic density in the investigated street between 9 a.m. and 6 p.m. was 1400 vehicles per hour. It was found that average daily concentration of PM10 (airborne particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) increases by 40 μg/m3 in the street canyon in relation to locations 100 m from the road, which for inhabitants who live in this street means an increased of risk of respiratory diseases by ten percent. The average concentration of total PAHs near the street was 191.56 ng/m3 (in the spring and without rain) and was over 1.5 times greater than at the point 100 m from the street, which confirms that exhaust gases emission on busy streets elevates the exposure to total PAHs. However, it does not concern benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), whose main emission sources seem to be industrial and municipal emitters. Exposure to BaP concerns not only the persons who live close to the busy streets, but the greater population of the Gliwice inhabitants. The risk of cancer diseases in the studied area associated with inhalation of aerosol particles containing BaP is 10⁻⁴, but persons living in the investigated street have a higher cancer risk of 10⁻³ order.
Przedstawiono badania ankietowe wpływu hałasu ulicznego na stan zdrowia i samopoczucie mieszkańców Warszawy mieszkających w rejonie o dużym natężeniu ruchu ulicznego. Oprócz czynników akustycznych w badaniach uwzględniono wpływ wieku, płci, warunków ekonomicznych oraz palenie tytoniu.
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