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1

Research of thoracolumbar spine lateral vascular anatomy and imaging

100%
OuYang H., Ding Z.
Folia Morphologica
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2010
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tom 69
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nr 3
This study introduces an anatomical basis for surgeries such as thoracoscopeassisted thoracolumbar spinal anterior interbody fusion in terms of image observing and corpse specimen anatomising. The observation of the 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) image indicates that segmental arteries are visible and run in the central supersulcus of the corresponding vertebral body’s side, while the branches are invisible. The distances between adjacent segmental arteries in T₁₀/₁₁, T₁₁/₁₂, T₁₂ /L₁, L₁/₂,, and L₂/₃ are 23.35 ± 1.48, 25.61 ± 2.08, 29.12 ± 2.30, 32.53 ± 2.18, and 33.73 ± 2.29 (mm), respectively. And the observation by the thoracolumbar spine side of the adult corpse specimens shows that segmental arteries and veins constantly exist and run in the central supersulcus of the corresponding vertebral body’s side; each segmental artery has some small branches; the zone between the upper and lower segmental arteries form a relatively non-vascular nerve safe zone, where the intervertebral space (disc) locates. The distances between adjacent segmental arteries in T₁₀/₁₁, T₁₁/₁₂, T₁₂ /L₁,L₁/₂,L₂/₃ are 23.34 ± 0.78, 25.54 ± 0.85, 29.11 ± 1.01, 32.82 ± 1.28, and 33.71 ± 1.42 (mm), respectively. The safe zone, with the intervertebral disc as the reference mark, can provide enough operation space for surgeries like thoracoscope-assisted anterior interbody fusion and reducing damage to blood vessels as well as surgical complications. Additionally, the arrangement and distribution of segmental arteries can be clearly displayed on the 3-dimensional CT image and the result is basically consistent with that of corpse specimens. Therefore, the 3-dimensional CT image can be regarded as the reference for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery plans. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 3: 128–133)
2

Distribution and morphology of the NOS-immunoreactive neurons in the thoracolumbar and sacral spinal cord of the pig

75%
Calka J., Zalecki M., Wasowicz K., Lakomy M.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2006
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tom 62
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nr 10
1134-1138
The study investigated the distribution and morphology of nitric oxide synthesis-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies and processes in the thoracolumbar and sacral spinal cord of sexually immature gilts. Investigations revealed the following: NOS-immunoreactive fibers and singular cell bodies in regions of the dorsal horn including superficial laminae I and II and deeper laminae III and IV; prominent NOS-immunolabeled perikarya in intermediolateral nucleus of the thoracolumbar spinal segments; NOS-positive perikarya in lamina X along the thoracic, lumbar and sacral divisions of the cord; NOS-positive perikarya and fibers in the area near to the location of the intermediomedial and intermediolateral nuclei in the sacral segments of the cord. The obtained morphological results indicate that the general distribution pattern of NOS-positive neurons in the spinal cord of pigs resembles that of other species. The concentration of NO-ergic neurons in the autonomic nuclei, dorsal horn laminae I, II, III, IV and lamina X suggests a prominent role of NO-ergic neurons in visceral and sensory functions.
3

Evidence for coexistence of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity in the thoracolumbar and sacral spinal cord neurons of the pig

63%
Calka J., Franke-Radowiecka A., Zalecki M., Lakomy M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2009
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tom 12
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nr 1
Previous immunocytochemical studies provided conflicting data concerning occurrence of the CGRP-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies in the porcine spinal cord. In the present study, we have investigated expression of the CGRP and its possible coexpression with ChAT in the gray matter of the thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord of the pig. Our study revealed a large number of CGRP-immunoreactive cells in the motor nucleus of the ventral horn, and less and singe perikarya intermediolateral and intermediomedial nuclei, respectively. Double staining immunocytochemistry, depending on the cross-section level, disclosed the highest ChAT/CGRP colocalization subsequently in the motor nucleus of the ventral horn, then in the intermediolateral and intermediomedial nucleus. Our data provide morphological evidence confirming expression of CGRP in the porcine spinal nuclei while its coexpression in cholinergic neurons suggests that CGRP may play a role in modulation of the spinal cholinergic transmission.
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