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The paper shows the results of the testing of the SIGMATIC wide-angle irrigator with PS-8-K medium pressure spray nozzles from the point of view of irrigation uniformity. Such irrigators were installed in two localities, in Lehnice and Blatnica. Irrigation uniformity reached can be compared with the irrigation uniformity of similar irrigators in foreign countries.
Software quality depends primarily on a properly planned and correctly carried out development process. Testing, which has an enormous influence on the whole project, is one phase of this process. This is the last step of production and includes system implementation as well. Specialist software, which without a doubt geodetic applications are, requires special attention to work quality. It should be ensured already at the design phase, when individual functions are created according to requirements specification. But often the product can not be properly evaluated before the end of the production process. Some deficiencies and shortcomings (resulting from erroneous coding, incorrect interpretation of user requirements or design flaws) become apparent only after the end of the production process. The only way to minimize the number of these errors is the participation of geodesy experts in the testing phase. They can support their knowledge and experience with specialist software, which allows to shorten the time and decrease the cost of this time-consuming process.
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The strength properties of Swedish oak and beech

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Because of their economic impact most research on wood in Sweden is aimed at our needle-leaved species, i.e. pine and spruce. Sawmills and other industrial enterprises using these conifers are also in vast majority, both in number of employees and number of companies. However, there is a viable industrial branch in Sweden, i.e. furniture companies, dealing with broad-leaved species such as oak, birch, and alder. Such industries often import all the wood they use, even if the same type of wood grows in the vicinity. In order to make the Swedish broad-leaved trees more interesting to the wood manufacturing sector, we examined the strength properties of some common Swedish woods, viz. oak and beech. The result shows that our oak specimens had a modulus of elasticity of 12.243 MPa measured by using four-point bending. So-called the Young’s modulus was 11.761 MPa for tension and 15.610 MPa for compression in the fibre direction, i.e. there was a very high difference. The stress just before rupture was measured to 85 MPa for tension and 76 MPa for compression, i.e. there was a surprisingly small difference. For beech, our corresponding values were 13.017 MPa for four-point bending, the Young’s modulus during tension was 13.954 MPa and 130.4 MPa in maximum stress, whilst under compression these values were 13.101 MPa and 84 MPa, respectively.
The effect of refraction on the results of astronomical measurement by using the discussed method of the deflection of the vertical determination is assessed in the article. Values obtained by using formulas for astronomical refraction modelling by means of meteorological data were compared with those obtained directly by processing of measured angles. Various models for calculation of astronomical refraction were also compared. Statistical analysis was used for the comparison. The testing was aimed at the influence of daytime, season, temperature, atmospheric pressure and point position on the value of refraction. The acquired results give evidence that astronomical refraction can be eliminated not to impair the results of measurement.
Introduction. Exercise-associated effects on the GH→IGF-1 axis were studied, mainly following aerobic exercise. Material and Methods. The effects of laboratory vigorous aerobic (10-min treadmill run at 85% of peak VO2 ) and standard all-out anaerobic (30 s Wingate anaerobic test- WAnT) tests on the GH→IGF-1 axis were determined in 12 healthy active females (24-34 years). The tests were performed in random order. Blood samples for GH and IGF-1 were collected before and 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes after the beginning of each exercise test. Both tests were associated with significant increases in GH. Results. Peak GH was higher following the WAnT (11.0 ± 8.3 vs. 7.5 ± 7.3 ng/ml, respectively) but this difference was not statistically significant. However, the GH area under the curve (AUC) was signifi cantly greater in the anaerobic test as compared with the aerobic test. Only the WAnT was associated with a significant increase in IGF-1 levels (from 177.8 ± 47.2 to 198.8 ± 56.2, p < 0.02). However, no significant differences were found in peak IGF-1 and IGF-1 AUC following both tests. Vigorous aerobic and standard allout anaerobic laboratory tests led to significant GH increases in the same female individuals. GH and IGF-1 responses were greater following the WAnT. Conclusions. GH-IGF-1 changes may be used to gauge exercise intensity, not only following aerobic but also anaerobic exercise.
Germination and viability of stored European beech (Fagus sylvatica) seeds can vary depending upon the time when the tests are done during seed storage. To determine the possible sources of such variation the germination (GERM), germination rate expressed as mean germination time (MGT) and viability (VIAB) of six beechnut lots (three lots from two crop years) were determined monthly for one year using controlled laboratory conditions and standard tests. Higher GERM of some lots occurred when tests for stored seeds were carried out in spring and early autumn while other lots germinated better during summer tests. Similarly, different germination speed (dormancy release) and VIAB were observed in different months for different lots. However, no consistent seasonal fluctuation in GERM, MGT or VIAB of the beechnuts was observed in the tests. The reason for this fluctuation seems to be initial quality (germination and dormancy) of beechnut lots rather than any endogenous factors
The genus Scopulariopsis is a common soil saprotroph and has been isolated from air, organic waste and also from plant, animal and human tissues. Scopulariopsis has mainly been associated in humans with superficial mycoses, but it has also been described as the cause of subcutaneous and invasive infections. The most common aetiological agent of infections in humans is Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. This species has been reported to be resistant in vitro to broad-spectrum antifungal agents available today. The aim of the study was to establish in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 35 S. brevicaulis strains against amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (FC), caspofungin (CAS), terbinafine (TER), ciclopirox (CIC), voriconazole (VOR), clotrimazole (CTR), miconazole (MCZ), econazole (ECO), ketoconazole (KET), itraconazole (ITR), and fluconazole (FLU). Antifungal susceptibility tests were evaluated by an agar diffusion method (Neo-Sensitabs, Rosco, Denmark). AMB, FC, CAS, ITR and FLU showed no antifungal activity against S. brevicaulis. TER, CIC, CTR, KET, VOR, ECO, and MCZ revealed inhibitory activity for S. brevicaulis, but it varied for each of the drugs. The best antifungal effect was observed for TER and CIC. All isolates had large inhibition zones for TER and CIC. CTR was also inhibitory for all tested S. brevicaulis isolates, but the diameters of inhibition zones were smaller than for TER and CIC. Nearly 89% isolates showed inhibition zones for KET and the mean diameter of the inhibition zone was comparable to CTR. The least antifungal activity exhibited VOR, ECO and MCZ. Because of the multiresistance of S. brevicaulis, infections due to this species may not respond to particular antifungal treatment and other therapeutic approaches should be considered e.g., combined therapy and/or surgery.
The scope of the article was to determine quality ratios based on the selected largesize and laboratory samples of coniferous pinewood obtained from the central part of Poland (Wieruszowski District), in order to evaluate the usefulness of those elements for wooden constructions. Physical and mechanical parameters have been determined which facilitated defining quality and endurance ratios of semi-finished products.
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The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of using various electrical and dielectric parameters to distinguish natural honeys and determine their authenticity. Electrical properties of honey were tested at temperatures between 10°C and 30°C, in an electromagnetic field frequency ranging from 50 Hz to 20 kHz. The determination of permittivity, dielectric loss factor and conductivity for honey makes it possible to distinguish types of honey and check their authenticity. The temperature of a honey sample has a significant effect on the values obtained for the measured electrical properties. Testing should be carried out within a temperature range of 15°C to 25°C. Further research, carried out on a greater quantity and variety of honeys, may lead to the introduction of new effective methods for evaluating the type and quality of natural honey.
A high level of communicative capabilities as an integral part of social skills of managers is an essential prerequisite of success in managerial position. The paper points out an opportunity of quantifying the level of communicative capabilities, as well as the way of delimiting deficiencies in communication and planning the process of development of communicative capabilities. The testing was done on a sample of 230 students of the Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, i.e. in the future agromanagers.
The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro resistance rates to 8 antibiotics of Escherichia coli isolated from cows with cases of clinical mastitis in Burdur province of Turkey during the 2000 to 2005 period. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 101 E. coli isolates. Only 9 of the isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics, while the remaining 92 isolates were determined to be phenotypically resistant at least to one of the antibiotics. Among the 8 antimicrobial agents tested, resistance was most frequent for trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, neomycin, oxytetracycline and gentamicin. The resistance rates of the isolates to enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, gentamicin, oxytetracycline neomycin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole were 10.9%, 11.9%, 25.7%, 26.7%, 33.7%, 51.5%, 55.4% and 64.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the differences observed in the efficacy of the antibiotics tested to E. coli isolates indicate the importance of antibiotic susceptibility tests and periodic surveillance of the antibiotic susceptibilities of pathogenic bacteria.
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Testing of visceral sensitivity

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Under normal circumstances most of the visceral input to the central nervous system is not perceived consciously. Visceral hypersensitivity associated with altered reflex activity seems to be a common pathophysiological mechanism in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Investigation of visceral sensitivity in humans is based on distension tests using barostat, or tensostat more recently. Tensostat may allow better standardization of distending stimuli, regardless of the capacity or compliance of the organ being tested. Other techniques include transmucosal electrical nerve stimulation, and chemical or thermal stimulation. Measurement of the responses to gut stimuli is based on the evaluation of conscious perception or objective responses, such as reflex activity or central processes. Recently, the assessment of the central responses has become available due to a variety of new brain imaging techniques. Several factors are thought to influence the results of visceral sensitivity studies: age, gender, physiological factors (postprandial testing) as well as psychological factors (stress, hypnosis, hypervigilance phenomenon). Technical conditions for performing tests like distension protocols may considerably affect the perception of sensory thresholds. Various mediators and pharmacological agents, in particular those acting on serotonin receptors, affect the sensory function of the gastrointestinal tract, and some of them have therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity.
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie sposobów testowania instrumentów geodezyjnych zgodnie z normami serii ISO 17123, z których 7 zostało przetłumaczonych na język polski i przyjętych jako Polskie Normy. W normach zaleca się wykonanie testów pomiarowych instrumentów przed ich użyciem do konkretnej pracy. Celem testów jest sprawdzenie, czy dokładność pomiaru danym egzemplarzem instrumentu jest zgodna z dokładnością podaną przez producenta. Artykuł zawiera uwagi odnośnie sposobów testowania instrumentów geodezyjnych zgodnie z procedurami podanymi w normach. Przedstawiono zakładane dla różnych rodzajów instrumentów pola testowe. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na analizę statystyczną wyników testów. Chociaż normy nie przewidują zmian w organizacji pól testowych i programach obliczeń, autorzy artykułu przedstawiają propozycje modyfikacji niektórych fragmentów norm. W przypadku gdy takich propozycji jest więcej, ISO wprowadza nowe, poprawione normy i wycofuje stare, co do których użytkownicy mieli zastrzeżenia. Dzięki takim opiniom zrewidowano normy 17123-1 oraz 17123-5 w wersji angielskiej. Nie zostały one jeszcze przetłumaczone i przyjęte jako Polskie Normy.
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