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The aim of the paper was studying the resistance during splicing of soil, represented by the horizontal resistance component (Fx), depending on changes of speed and working depth of a work piece in form of a duckfoot share. The study was realized under laboratory conditions in a soil channel which ensured repeatability of results. The tested work piece was a duckfoot share with width of 135 mm installed on a spring tine type VCO with stiffness of 8.3 kNm-1. The tests utilized two working depths for the tool: 0.03 and 0.05 m and two working speeds: 0.84 and 1.67 ms-1. Changes in the horizontal resistance component (Fx) depended on the speed and the working depth. At constant parameters of the soil and the tool, change in working depth from 0.03 to 0.05 m resulted in increase of resistance by 42.6% for the working speed v1 = 0.84 ms-1 and 58.8% for v2 = 1.67 ms-1.
In the 21st century, at constant economic and industrial development, the efficient and fast management of technical infrastructure is a key element. Its quality and technical condition considerably influence rural development, possibilities to acquire capital, create new jobs, etc. One of the key issues is the road infrastructure, i.e., network of commune roads, and its condition, while the possibility of management and promptness of decision making determine and are of key importance for planning further development of the commune.In order to manage the road network efficiently and fast, the commune needs all available relevant information. Data describing road technical parameters are the spatial data. Accumulation of the data in geographical database gives a general spatial picture of the commune road network. All data describing roads are recorded in so called road books. The obligation is imposed on the communes by the Minister of Infrastructure Regulation in the method of numbering and registration of public roads [Journal of Laws, No. 67, Items 582 and 583 of 25 April, 2005].The main objective of the presented paper was the realization of a geographical database of the parameters of road network for the Raciechowice Commune Authorities using GPS receiver and the MapSource and ArcView specialist computer packages. For this purpose geocoding of road sections and their spatial inventory in the Raciechowice commune was made by means of a GPS device. The results of measurements obtained by means of GPS were then read immediately to MapSource. The data obtained in this way allowed to create a database in which technical parameters of individual sections of the Raciechowice commune roads were recorded. The ArcView software was used for management of the spatial database and visualization of road technical parameters in form of maps and diagram maps.
The crushing of the logging residues was carried out on a forest area, on a mixed fresh coniferous site (BMśw). The weight of the logging residues which were left behind on the clear cut area, after taking away the round wood assortments was 47 t. The object of the analysis was a Meri Crusher MJS-2.0 DT crushing machine powered by a Valtra T-190 tractor. The crusher was 2000 mm wide and the power of the tractor was 190 HP. During the analysis the quantity of the biomass to be milled and the productivity of the milling operation itself were determined. Based on given technical parameters of the crusher (the rpm of the PTO, number of cutters, diameter of the drum and the driving speed of the tractor), the rpm of the working drum, the linear velocity of the cutters, the power and torque of the working drum and the productivity of milling were determined. Based on the analysis of working movements of the machine, the total force on all the cutters as well as the average force per one cutter were calculated. It was found that the average force on one cutter was 770 N.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of some technical parameters of the chopper, as: rotational speed of knives, rotation speed of the chopper bowl and the degree of the bowl filling on texture sensory profile of the model comminuted meat product. The model product of cooked sausage type was prepared in a pilot-plant scale. Basic composition of the product was analysed and the sensory quality attributes were assessed: degree of comminution, porosity and degree of binding (visually) and hardness, elasticity and gumminess (in-the-mouth). The results indicate that all three parameters: the rotational speed of knives and a bow] of the chopper as well as the degree of its filling with the stuffing affect sensory profile of the texture and hedonic assessment of model products in spite of the fact, that the differences between variants were not always significant. The product made of the comminuted batter obtained by highest revolving speed of knives and bowl was least hard, elastic and gummy, and least weakly bound as compared to the other experimental variants of the product. Its assessment in hedonic terms was the highest but the differences between the studied variants were not statistically significant. From among three degrees of filling of the chopper's bowl with the batter, the best product was obtained when the filling of the bowl was 70%. It was confirmed by visual as well as by oral sensory evaluation of the product quality; however sensory differences between variants did not meet the level of statistical significance.
W pracy przedstawiono model empiryczny współczynnika zmienności oprysku dla rozpylaczy szczelinowych w zależności od wysokości i kąta ustawienia belki polowej oraz ciśnienia cieczy. Stwierdzono, że najkorzystniejsze warunki pracy ze względu na najniższą wartość współczynnika zmienności poprzecznej oprysku obserwowano dla ustawienia belki polowej na wysokości 0,6-0,7 m przy jej poziomym położeniu i ciśnieniu cieczy w zakresie 0,25-0,30 MPa.
The study compared basic density, compressive strength along the grain, static bending strength and modulus of elasticity of juvenile wood in pines from different Kraft’s classes. Analyses were conducted in 8 mature pine monocultures in north-western Poland. In each experimental site a total of 9 trees were selected, thus the analyses were conducted on 72 model trees (with 24 for each social class of tree position in the stand). The highest values of analysed technical parameters were recorded for wood of co-dominant trees, the lowest were found for predominant trees, while intermediate values were recorded for wood of dominant trees. All the reported differences were statistically significant. Similar dependencies were observed when comparing wood from different sections of stems, with the greatest disproportions, frequently statistically significant, found in their lower sections.
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