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Mole-rats from Karonga, Malawi, the type locality ofCryptomys hottentotus whytei, and a single female mole-rat from the Malawian Nyika Plateau exhibit a karyotype 2n = 4 6 chromosomes, wit h 1 5 metacentr ic an d 8 acrocentr ic chromosome, s ie NF (female) = 76. This trait, together with several morphological features and a previously published genetic analysis (Ingramet al. 2004), identifies this species as a good species, unrelated toCryptomys hottentotus of South Africa, which belongs to the Zambezian clade of the genusCryptomys sensu lato (cf Ingramet al. 2004) and should be therefore called Whyte’s mole-rat,Cryptomys whytei. Available data on ecology and reproductive biology sugges t simila r characteristic s a s i n othe r mole-rat s o f th e genu.s Unexpecte d findin g of lar ge complicat ed undergroun d burro w system s contrasted, howev,e r wi th ve ry f ew abo ve grou nd moun.d s
Monodontella giraffae Yorke et Maplestone, 1926 was collected from the biliary duct of liver of a dead giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus) from the Tianjin Zoo, Tianjin, China. A redescription of this species was made using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lateral alae and the detailed structures of the spicules and genital cone were observed for the first time by SEM. The taxonomic status of the genus is discussed.
It is argued that Penicillus indicus Kumar et Hameed, 1993 represents two species; a member of Pennella Oken, 1815 (Pennellidae, Siphonostomatoida, Copepoda) with lepadid (Lepadidae, Lepadomorpha, Cirripedia) phoronts attached to its abdomen. This conclusion, while not founded on examination of the type and only specimens of P. indicus, seems robust based on observations that: 1) the species description of P. indicus is unquestionably similar to a combination of the aforementioned copepod and barnacle taxa, i.e. one copepod with several attached barnacles, 2) records of Pennella representatives with attached striped goose barnacles, Conchoderma virgatum (Spengler, 1790) (Lepadidae) are well known, and 3) this interpretation explains why the type series of P. indicus exhibits considerable intraspecific variation regarding numbers of appendages and numbers and placement of unusual abdominal organs. Based on this explanation, it is recommended that monotypic Penicillus Kumar et Hameed, 1993 and P. indicus be rejected as legitimate taxa and that the record of P. indicus be considered a unique report of a Pennella sp. infecting several species of sharks.
The cercaria of Haplorchis pumilio exhibited diurnal pattern in the emergence from the snail host, with peak between 10 am and 12 noon and limited emergence during night. Continuous light permitted emergence to continue rhythmically while continuous dark has suppressed the emergence. Inversion of photoperiod has resulted in immediate reversal of the emergence pattern. Variation is found in the numbers of cercariae released by different individuals of snails and by the single snail on different days, but consistency is maintained in the emergence pattern. Temperature of 30-35°C is found to be favourable for the cercarial emergence. The results of the study demonstrate that emergence pattern is influenced by both exogenous and endogenous factors.
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