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Characteristics of wheat leaf diseases development in Latvia

100%
Bankina B., Priekule I.
Acta Agrobotanica
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2005
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tom 58
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nr 2
329-334
The field observations were carried out in 1999-2004 on 29 fields in Latvia. Incidence and severities of wheat leaf diseases were determined. Tan pot caused by Drechslera tritici-repentis and Septoria leaf blotch, induced by Septoria tritici were the most harmful diseases at the time of research (incidence 10-100% and 1-100%, respectively). Also the incidence of powdery mildew, caused by Blomeria graminis was high (4-100%), while that of rusts (Puccinia tritici and P. striiformis) was very low. Changes in disease epidemics were determined and showed the differences between the analyzed diseases.
2
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Tan spot - the most harmful wheat leaf disease in Latvia

100%
Bankina B.
Acta Agrobotanica
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2005
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tom 58
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nr 1
Tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) is one of the most important wheat diseases in Latvia. Significant spreading of this disease was observed from 1998. Field experiments were carried out at the Research and Training Farm „Peterlauki” of the Latvia University of Agriculture, during 1998-2003. Development of diseases was observed on 14 winter wheat varieties, dynamics of development was investigated on 'Donskaja polukarlikovaja' and 'Stava'. Assessments of the disease severity were carried out on the upper three leaves each week from the start of stem elongation to full ripening. Tan spot was observed at the stage of stem elongation in 2003, and only after flowering in 1999. Increase of the disease severity was slow until stage of milk ripeness, and only in late stages of wheat development sharp increase of the disease was observed. Total rate of infection (through the session of vegetation) was very slow (0,01-0,19), but during ripening rate achieved 0,5-0,6. The main reason of so unequal development of the disease seems changes in amount of infection sources. Other possible reason of rapid increase of the disease development is the relationship between leaf age and susceptibility to the disease. Further research is necessary for better understanding of tan spot life cycle.
3

Influence of leaf diseases on grain yield and yield components in winter wheat

80%
Ronis A., Semaskiene R., Dabkevicius Z., Liatukas Z.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2009
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tom 49
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nr 2
151-157
Leaf diseases' influence the relationship between the yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field experiments were conducted during 2003-2006 on a light loamy gleyic cambisoil in the central part of Lithuania to determine how leaf disease severity level affects grain yield and yield components. The area under disease progress curves (AUDPC), grain yield and yield components were analysed using the analysis of variance and correlations. Infected wheat straw was applied to initiate epidemics in all treatments. Three winter wheat cultivars: Hereward, Aron and Tauras differing in the level of resistance to leaf diseases were used in the experiments. In total, six treatments were established: (i) untreated control, (ii) powdery mildew control (pmc) + leaf diseases severity level 0%, (iii) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 1.0-5.0%, (iv) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 5.1-10.0%, (v) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 10.1-25.0%, (vi) pmc + leaf diseases severity level > 25.1%. Wheat in all treatments, except for the untreated control, was protected by morpholine and triazole fungicides. Yield and yield components were affected by leaf diseases in all the treated cultivars during all experimental years. Significant (p ≶ 0.01) medium and strong correlation coefficients were found between AUDPC and yield in all the treated cultivars under high pressure of leaf diseases in 2004.
4
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Tan spot epiphytosis in winter wheat and triticale crop - comparative studies

80%
Wakulinski W., Zamorski C., Schollenberger M., Nowicki B., Kachlicki P.
Acta Agrobotanica
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2005
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tom 58
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nr 1
Development of tan spot epiphytosis in wheat and triticale has been investigated during three years of cropping seasons 1998-2001. The infection level of plants was scored in four stages of cereals development at the end of tillering (GS 29), shooting (GS 35-37), heading (GS 55-59) and milk maturity (GS 73-77). The monitoring performed on population of 327 wheat and 352 triticale genotypes indicated that the both cereals can be heavy infected by P. tritici-repentis, although the reaction of these hosts differed significantly. On triticale developed small, minute black spots usually without typical for wheat yellow halo. Moreover, the progress of tan spot of triticale over time was less rapid and disease intensity lower in the all plant growth stages during three years of studies.
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