Field experiments conducted in the years 1990-1995 were localized at the Plant Cultivation Station, Ulhówek to repeat the cultivation of spring barley cultivars Roland and Lot. In conditions of monoculture, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium culmorum were of the foremost importance in causing root and stem rot. The proportion of infected plants did not increase with time. Depending on the period of vegetation and the cultivar, the percentage of seedlings with necrosis symptoms ranged from 6% to 53,5% and that of stem base rot from 14% to 59%. In the case of both cultivars, root and stem rot was especially intensive in the third successive season of vegetation, i, e., in 1992. That season was characterized by warm and wet weather conditions, favourable for the infection of seedlings by B. sorokiniana during the period of six weeks after the sowing of grain. Bipolaris sorokiniana always had the greatest proportion in the infection of spring barley but not in the seasons distinguished by hot and dry weather conditions. On the other hand, during dry and hot weather conditions the only or the dominating fungus obtained from the infected stem base after the heading of spring barley was F. culmorum. In conditions of monoculture, favourable for root and stem rot of spring barley, the temperature and rainfalls clearly distinguished the proportion of B. sorokiniana and F. culmorum in plant infection.
Infestation by take-all pathogens of winter wheat was determined in three-factors field experiment conducted in 2007–2009. Winter wheat grew in crop rotation after pea or in monoculture (first factor of experiment). Application of soil conditioner UGmax was the second factor of experiment and as a third factor – plumpness of seed material was used. It was found that only crop rotation with pea as a previous crop significantly decreased take-all diseases.
W latach 1986-1988 przeprowadzono ścisłe doświadczenia polowe z pszenicą jarą w celu określenia wpływu zmianowania i monokultury na zdrowotność tej rośliny. Wykonano również obserwacje porównawcze nad nasileniem występowania chorób pszenicy jarej, uprawianej na polach produkcyjnych Żuław. Stwierdzono, że uprawa pszenicy jarej w monokulturze wpływa niekorzystnie na plon ziarna oraz nasila występowanie chorób podsuszkowych. Pola produkcyjne Żuław były silnie opanowane przez septoriozę oraz rdzę brunatną pszenicy.
The field research was conducted at the Agricultural Advisory Center in Łosiów (opolskie providence) in 2011–2012. The objective of the experiment was the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of bio-stimulators and ploughing down stubble crop to reduce the infection of spring wheat stem base and its roots by pathogens occurrence. It was established that ploughing down stubble crop of phacelia as well as the use of bio-stimulators did not significantly affect the infection of roots and stems of spring wheat grown in monoculture. The continuous crop of spring wheat instead of environmentally correct crop succession increased of roots and stem base diseases.
W doświadczeniu polowym oceniano fitosanitarną wartość mieszanki złożonej z jęczmienia jarego i grochu siewnego, stanowiącej przedplon dla jęczmienia jarego. Wykazano, że na tle pozostałych przedplonów (ziemniaka, grochu siewnego i jęczmienia jarego) mieszanka ograniczyła występowanie plamistości siatkowej (Helminthosporium teres) na wysiewanym po niej jęczmieniu, stymulowała natomiast porażenie roślin przez patogeny powodujące choroby podsuszkowe (Fusarium spp. i in.) oraz przez mączniaka prawdziwego zbóż i traw (Erysiphe graminis). Zmniejszenie nasilenia plamistości siatkowej (Helminthosporium teres) najwyraźniej uwidoczniło się w stosunku do jęczmienia wysiewanego po sobie. Groch z kolei wpływał ograniczająco na zainfekowanie podstawy źdźbła, głównie przez grzyby z rodzaju Fusarium. Ze względów fitosanitarnych mieszanka jęczmienia jarego z grochem stanowiła lepszy przedplon dla jęczmienia niż jęczmień w siewie czystym.
W trzyleciu 1983-1985., t j. 7. 8. i 9. roku uprawy pszenicy ozimej i jarej w dwu- i trójpolowych członach zmianowań z bobikiem oraz w monokulturach, jedynie w dwupolówce z pszenicą ozimą i w jej monokulturze stwierdzono wyraźny przyrost zanieczyszczenia gleby diasporami chwastów, odpowiednio o 40 i 506%. Najmniejsze zachwaszczenie łanów obu pszenic najczęściej miało miejsce w trójpolówkach bezpośrednio po bobiku. Zwiększająca się częstotliwość uprawy pszenic na ogół nie wzmagała ich podatności na choroby liści, lecz nasilała choroby podstawy źdźbła.
Investigations were carried out in 1996 - 2000 in the Experimental Station of Cultivars Evaluation in Uhnin. Disease symptoms were recorded twice - in the seedling stage (18 in the Tottman's scale) and in milk ripe stage (77 in the Tottman's scale) of oat. The seedlings with root and sheath necrosis or plants with diseased stem base were obtained every year. The percentage of diseased seedlings ranged from 6.0 to 39.5, and percentage of older plants with necrotic stripes on lower intemodes ranged from 11.5 to 50.0. Results of mycological analysis of diseased plants showed that Fusarium spp., especially F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were isolated the most frequently, F. avenaceum was obtained in the seasons with different weather conditions. This indicates great tolerance of this fungus to temperature and humidity. In the seasons with high temperature F. culmorum was predominant. This species also can be tolerant to changing weather conditions. Warm and wet weather was favourable for oat infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana. Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from plants in milk ripe stage in each vegetation seasons, and from seedlings in years 1998 and 1999.
The study was performed in 2000–2002, on winter wheat cv. Mikon in the third year of monoculture. The severity of root rot increased throughout the growing season. The highest infection was noted in the treatment with early sowing and without seed dressing. The application of two seed dressing chemicals (Raxil 020 FS and Latitude 125 FS) instead of one (Raxil 020 FS) had a more beneficial effect on the health status of wheat roots. Later sowing contributed to more effective control of Gaeumannomyces graminis. The effect of experimental factors on the incidence of root and foot rot was observed until the flowering stage.