In this second part, the author refers to the following problems: damaging activity of fungi, degradation of wood by fungi and insect pests, and the part played by microflora in degradation of pieces of art. In this last case there is a particular danger from pigment-forming microorganisms that can add colours to surface of canvas and wall paintings. In coclusion, the author draws attention to the neglect of microbiological agents during excavation works.