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Central European botanic gardens as centres of dispersal of alien plants

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Galera H., Sudnik-Wojcikowska B.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2010

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tom 79

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nr 2

147-156

The aim of the work was to estimate the specific role that Central European botanic gardens play in the dispersal of alien plants, which results from the wide variety of plants cultivated in the gardens and regular international exchange of plant material between these institutions. We compared the results of recent field studies (in eight Polish botanic gardens) and a review of older literature data and herbarium collections (from Central European botanic gardens). We found that in Poland the proportion of botanic garden escapes was lower (3%) than would be expected from the "tens rule". Botanic gardens have played a considerable role in the development of the synanthropic flora of Central Europe in the last 200 years. We determined a group of species introduced through a network of botanic gardens and propose 5 theoretical patterns to describe the mode and pathways of the early stages of introduction of these species.

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The structure and differentiation of the synanthropic flora of the botanical gardens in Poland

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Galera H., Sudnik-Wojcikowska B.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2004

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tom 73

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nr 2

Floristic studies were carried out in eight botanical gardens in Poland in the years 1992-1999. It was demonstrated that the spontaneous synanthropic flora of the gardens consisted of 1092 taxa in the rank of a genus or lower, among which alien species constituted 55% of the flora studied. Ergasiophygophytes, of which the introduction is closely associated with the activities of the botanical gardens, dominated in the latter group of species. It appeared that the flora of the studied botanical gardens was rather similar. However, the structure of the flora of different spatial units (six types of microhabitats) distinguished in the particular gardens varied, which was associated with the various management practices. The flora of microhabitats identified in the gardens differed with respect to the number of taxa and spectra of geographical-historical groups of species and life forms. Ruderal sites, arable lands and roadsides supported the highest number of taxa (the flora of the above spatial units was represented by 646, 645 and 597 taxa, respectively). Moreover, they were characterized by a high proportion of annual plants in the flora (43, 38 and 34%, respectively) and by a relatively small representation of apophytes (39% in all the three types of microhabitats). The flora of wet areas and parks was, however, poor in species (154 and 403 species, respectively), but relatively rich in apophytes (72 and 55% of the flora, respectively) and with a low contribution of therophytes (19 and 20%, respectively). The present data were compared with the findings of other authors who investigated the synanthropic flora of cities in which the botanical gardens were located. The comparative analysis of the flora of Poznań and Łódź showed a great richness of species (in relation to size of the area studied) and a high incidence of aliens (especially those, which had not become established permanently) in the botanical gardens. However comparative studies of the flora of Warsaw and that of the two botanical gardens established in the city revealed that the proportion of alien species was lower in case of these gardens. In Warsaw the flora of areas, which had been managed in the same way as those of the botanical gardens, was also investigated. It was found that the botanical gardens in Warsaw were more similar to cemeteries with respect to the structure of flora than they were to the allotments. The present study showed that the high variability of flora within the particular gardens is attributed to the different ways the area is utilized.

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Spatial diversity of the synanthropic flora: an example of the Kotlina Oswiecimska, Pogorze Slaskie and the Beskid Maly Mountain Range [Southern Poland]

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Banas B.

Publications of the Department of Plant Taxonomy of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan

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2000

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tom 10

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El papel de la familia Compositae en la flora sinantropica de Mexico

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Rzedowski J.

Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica. Supplementum

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1993

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tom 02

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nr 1

5

Biodiversity of weed communities in organic and conventional orchards

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Lisek J., Sas-Paszt L.

Journal of Horticultural Research

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2015

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tom 23

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nr 1

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Prunus virginiana L. (Rosaceae) on synanthropic sites in Poland

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Danielewicz W., Wiatrowska B.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2013

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tom 12

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nr 4

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) belongs to quite common and the best known invasive woody plants of alien origin occurring in central Europe. On the other hand, little is known about the degree of settling of another North American representative of the Prunus genus from the Padus subgenus – the chokecherry (P. virginiana L.). A considerable morphological similarity of the above-mentioned taxon to P. padus L. is a cause of fairly significant problems associated with its identification. It is not easy to distinguish these related indigenous species, common in forests, as well as in mesophilous thickets in the area of entire Europe. That is why P. virginiana is usually unnoticed and, consequently, it is overlooked in floristic studies. On the basis of the data derived from a variety of sources, mostly collected by the authors in the course of their field trips, supplemented with information from literature, as well as unpublished notes obtained from different persons, information concerning the distribution of secondary P. virginiana sites in Poland is summed up. The article presents a list of 28 such sites together with a map on which their locations have been marked. The discussed species was observed most frequently in the forest environment on eutrophic as well as mesotrophic broad-leaved forest sites in shrub thicket areas at the edge of dense forests. It was also found in broad-leaved and pine coniferous forest underbrush as well as in mid-field thickets. It was established that in Poland, it was not only fully settled in on semi-natural sites but it also encroached upon forest phytocoenoses of natural character. In order to draw attention to possibilities of P. virginiana occurrence in other, hitherto unrecognised synanthropic sites, some remarks and observations concerning morphological features and phenological properties of this taxon in field conditions were included.

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New localities for Parietaria pensylvanica [Urticaceae] in Poland

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Sawilska A. K., Misiewicz J.

Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica

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1998

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tom 43

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nr 2

8

Czasowe zmiany występowania zbiorowisk synantropijnych jako wykaz przemian gospodarczych Lublina

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Trzaskowska E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2013

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tom 12

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nr 1

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie zmian roślinności synantropijnej Lublina, jakie zaszły w okresie przeszło 40 lat. W tym celu skonfrontowano badania prowadzone w latach 2005–2009 z wynikami badań wykonanych w latach 1960–1962 i 1966 przez prof. D. Fijałkowskiego [1967]. Porównanie wskazuje na zmianę zróżnicowania spotykanych zbiorowisk. Obserwuje się ubożenie zespołów segetalnych z klasy Stelarietea mediae związanych z uprawami rolnymi z 8 do 3, co jest konsekwencją malejącej roli miasta jako producenta żywności, a także wiąże się ze stosowaniem większej ilości środków chemicznych oraz odłogowaniem tych terenów. Niemal identyczne jest liczba zbiorowisk ruderalnych związanych ze śmietniskami, wysypiskami ziemi – zanotowano jedynie wzrost z 8 do 10, co wynika z innych standardów budowlanych. Ale maleje udział powierzchniowy tych zbiorowisk w krajobrazie miasta. Zanotowano wzrost zbiorowisk występujących na nieużytkach oraz terenach zieleni z 19 do 26. Interesujące jest pojawianie się zbiorowisk dostosowanych do dużego zasolenia oraz odpornych na skażenie gleby substancjami chemicznymi. Pomimo zmian w występowaniu i zróżnicowaniu zbiorowisk synantropijnych nadal odgrywają one znaczącą rolę w krajobrazie miasta i powinny zostać wykorzystane w tworzeniu ekologicznego systemu miasta i wdrażaniu idei jego zrównoważonego rozwoju.

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Synanthropic orchard flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

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Lisek J.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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2012

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tom 20

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nr 2

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O zastosowaniu wskaźników florystycznych do określenia stopnia synantropizacji flor miejskich

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Urbisz A.

Acta Biologica Silesiana

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1991

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tom 19

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Trwałość glebowego banku nasion krótkotrwałej roślinności synantropijnej na terenach współcześnie opuszczonych osad

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Woch M. W.

Acta Botanica Silesiaca

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2011

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tom 06

The aim of the present study was to investigate seeds of species that have survived near small mid-forest settlements for about 50 years after they were abandoned. Seed germination was observed on three squares devoid of vegetation established previously on places of former grasslands and yards. On the plots previously covered by perennial ruderal-meadow vegetation of Urtico-Aegopodietum podagrariae association, species characteristic for cultivated and ruderal habitats from Aperion spicae-venti, Polygono-Chenopodion and Sisymbrion officinalis alliances grew from the uncovered soil seed bank. In fields of root crops and gardens, the Veronico-Fumarietum officinalis weed association was well developed. In this phytocoenosis, Fumaria officinalis, Oxalis fontana and Papaver dubium occurred abundantly. Among the species that germinated on these plots were Arabidopsis thaliana, Atriplex prostrata, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Galeopsis tetrahit, Lamium purpureum, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Myosotis arvensis, Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum and Veronica persica. Despite renaturalization of formerly strongly transformed areas, re-disturbance of plant cover can reveal part of the former synanthropic vegetation.

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Szata roslinna doliny Klodnicy i terenow przyleglych w warunkach silnej antropopresji. Cz.1. Analiza flory

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Cabala S., Gren C.

Acta Biologica Silesiana

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2002

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tom 36

9-30

Ograniczanie wyników

Central European botanic gardens as centres of dispersal of alien plants

The structure and differentiation of the synanthropic flora of the botanical gardens in Poland

Spatial diversity of the synanthropic flora: an example of the Kotlina Oswiecimska, Pogorze Slaskie and the Beskid Maly Mountain Range [Southern Poland]

El papel de la familia Compositae en la flora sinantropica de Mexico

Biodiversity of weed communities in organic and conventional orchards

Prunus virginiana L. (Rosaceae) on synanthropic sites in Poland

New localities for Parietaria pensylvanica [Urticaceae] in Poland

Czasowe zmiany występowania zbiorowisk synantropijnych jako wykaz przemian gospodarczych Lublina

Synanthropic orchard flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

O zastosowaniu wskaźników florystycznych do określenia stopnia synantropizacji flor miejskich

Trwałość glebowego banku nasion krótkotrwałej roślinności synantropijnej na terenach współcześnie opuszczonych osad

Szata roslinna doliny Klodnicy i terenow przyleglych w warunkach silnej antropopresji. Cz.1. Analiza flory