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Influence of plant density and term of harvest on yield and chemical composition of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)

100%

Nurzynska-Wierdak R., Dzida K.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2009

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tom 08

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nr 1

The experiments carried out in 2006–2007 referred to the growth of marjoram plants, its yields and chemical composition depending on the plant density and harvest time. Four plant densities (setting spacing 20 × 40 cm, 30 × 30 cm, 30 × 40 cm and 40 × 40 cm) as well as two harvest times (beginning of flower bud forming and full blooming) were applied. The lowest density favored the plant tillering, which apparently affected the herb yield. Plants growing at the lowest density (40 × 40 cm spacing) had the largest fresh and air-dried herb yields (0.71 and 0.18 kg m⁻², respectively). Herb of plants grown at denser spacing contained more total nitrogen and nitrates (V) as well as less potassium, than that of plants grown at lower density. The herb harvest at full flowering stage turned out to be favourable because of significantly lover nitrates concentration as compared to other stages. The contents of essential oil was significantly higher in the full flowering stage than in those harvested in the bud formation stage. Plants growing at denser spacing produced more oil. Trans-sabinene hydrate and terpinene-4-ol were dominating components of marjoram essential oil.

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Yield and quality of sweet marjoram herb depending on harvest time

100%

Zawislak G., Dzida K.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2010

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tom 09

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nr 1

One of the more important species of herbal plants, grown in many countries for medical and nutritional purposes is sweet marjoram. The marjoram herb is an abundant source of valuable biologically active substances and mineral components. Considering the vast application of this plant studies were undertaken on the assessment of growth and yielding of sweet marjoram, depending on harvest time. The studies were conducted in the years 2004–2005. The sweet marjoram plantation was established from seedlings produced in a glasshouse. The marjoram herb was collected in two harvest time: in mid July (beginning of flowering) and in early September. The yields of fresh, air dry and grated herb were assessed. The contents of essential oil in grated herb, as well as the mineral composition of the herb were determined. The significant effect of harvest time upon the yield of fresh, air-dried and grated herb was demonstrated: the greater yield was achieved in the second harvest time (early September). The herb collected at the beginning of September contained more essential oil than that cut in mid July. Total nitrogen content was significantly greater in marjoram herb from the first harvest than in that from the second harvest.

3

Antimicrobial and antiprotozoal effect of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)

100%

Kozlowska M., Laudy A. E., Starosciak B. J., Napiorkowski A., Chomicz L., Kazimierczuk Z.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2010

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tom 09

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nr 4

The objective of the present study that has been carried out in the Institute of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, was to investigate antimicrobial activity of a number of sweet marjoram extracts. Raw (fresh or dried) plant material from culinary or medicinal herbs may contain varying amounts of bacteria or protozoa, including some known human pathogens. The isolates, which are prepared by procedures involving the use of elevated temperature and/or organic solvents or other chemicals are expected to have considerably less or no such potentially harmful burden. Four sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) fractions obtained by steam distillation, Soxhlet n-hexane extraction, extraction with aqueous ethanol, and with ethanolic ammonia solution were evaluated in vitro for activity against twenty Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterial strains, six Candida sp. yeast strains and a single protozoan species Pentatrichomonas hominis. The n-hexane extract showed the highest antibacterial activity and inhibited growth of eight out of nine Staphylococcus aureus strains used. The other bacteria showed no substantial susceptibility to the extracts, except that Acinetobacter baumannii showed some inhibition by the aqueous ethanol extract. The isolates were also active against three out of six Candida sp. strains used, and the ethanolic ammonia extract reduced the number of viable P. hominis trophozoites by 50% at 160 µg·ml-1 concentration in 24 h cultures; the remaining extracts were considerably less or but marginally effective. These data warrant further study on identifying the components of the extracts with the highest activities.

4

The effect of some methods of presowing seed treatment and soil types on the yield and quality of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)

80%

Dabrowska B., Suchorska-Tropilo K., Capecka E.

Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Horticulture (Landscape Architecture)

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2003

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tom 24

5

Economic and qualitative value of the raw material of chosen species of medicinal plants from organic farming. Part IV. Yield and quality of herb and seed yield of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)

80%

Seidler-Lozykowska K., Mordalski R., Kucharski W., Golcz A., Kozik E., Wojcik J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura

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2009

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tom 08

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nr 4

In 2005-2007, in the field experiment, the yield and quality of sweet marjoram herb of Polish cultivar ‘Miraż’ in organic cultivation were tested. The experiment was established on six organic farms and one conventional farm in different localities in Poland. The following features were evaluated: fresh and dried herb yield, stem fraction in herb, seed yield, essential oil content, macro- and microelements content, nitrate content and microbiological purity. Organic marjoram herb yield only from one farm (Słońsk) was higher compared with the yield from conventional cultivation, though this herb contained high amount of stems. There were no seeds collected or the seed yield was very low in both organic and conventional farming. Both marjoram herbs, organic and conventional from Plewiska had similar quality (essential oil, macro- and microelements and nitrate content). Evaluation of microbiological purity showed that herb contamination from both types of cultivation did not exceed standard for raw materials treated with hot water.

Ograniczanie wyników

3 Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

1 Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura

1 Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Horticulture (Landscape Architecture)

2 Dzida K.

1 Capecka E.

1 Chomicz L.

1 Dabrowska B.

1 Golcz A.

1 Kazimierczuk Z.

1 Kozik E.

1 Kozlowska M.

1 Kucharski W.

1 Laudy A. E.

1 Mordalski R.

1 Napiorkowski A.

1 Nurzynska-Wierdak R.

1 Seidler-Lozykowska K.

1 Starosciak B. J.

1 Suchorska-Tropilo K.

1 Wojcik J.

1 Zawislak G.

2 2010

2 2009

1 2003

Influence of plant density and term of harvest on yield and chemical composition of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)

Yield and quality of sweet marjoram herb depending on harvest time

Antimicrobial and antiprotozoal effect of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)

The effect of some methods of presowing seed treatment and soil types on the yield and quality of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)

Economic and qualitative value of the raw material of chosen species of medicinal plants from organic farming. Part IV. Yield and quality of herb and seed yield of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)