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In the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Putawy a reliable method for hop cultivars identification has been developed. This method is based on the analysis of microsatellite molecular markers which are characterized with high level of polymorphism. A set of five specific markers was worked out, which enables identification of all common hop cultivars grown in Poland. The method can be used for investigation of varietal origin of different biological materials: fresh leaves, dry cones and pellets. It has been also successfully used in identification of particular cultivars in mixed samples of cones. It was possible to detect 10% of the contaminant, which confirmed a usefulness of this method for control of authenticity and purity of individual hop batches.
The main raw material used in brewing is barley, which is one of the cereals containing gluten proteins. They are toxic to people suffering from celiac disease and gluten intolerance. The only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet. This problem caused necessity to find new methods of beer production, which would allow it to eliminate gluten proteins. An alternative might be to receive malt – the basic raw material in the production of beer, with other unconventional materials.
The aim of the work was to determine abilities to obtain colouring extracts from black malt in brewing industry. The materials used in this study were malting worts, obtained as a result of mashing of the mixture of malt with corn grits and 5% addition of black malt. Unmalted raw material was or wasn't gelatinized at the temperature of 90°Cfor 10 minutes, in the ratio of grits to water 1:5. Mashing was differently carried out: without additives or with enzymatic preparation Ultraflo L addition. In congress worts there were determined: colour, time of flow, volume and content of extract. The colour ability of extracts from special malts were determined by Baranowski method, by measurement of absorbance of wort solution (wavelength - 450 nm). It was stated, that extraction of food colour need to use enzymatic preparation, in order to improve the filtration of worts. Malt substitution by corn grit does not contribute neither to the significant difference of wort colour. Colour ability of extracts from black malt ranged from 45 to 65 EBC units.
The aim of the research was to analyze the volatile compounds in beers manufactured with the use of maize grits, as unmalted raw material. Three batches of beer were produced on a laboratory scale. The participation of maize grits in each batch amounted to 0, 15 and 25% respectively. The SPME technique was used to extract volatile compounds (Solid Phase Microextraction), whereas the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to analyze separated compounds. In the examined beers, there were 15 volatile compounds identified and they were divided into 5 groups: esters (7), alkohols (5), hydrocarbons (1), alkanes (1), sulfides (1).
The second part of the paper describes the importance of hops and its processed products on the formation of flavor stability of beer. Influence of clarification of the hot wort, beer fermentation conditions, especially the quality of yeast, wort aeration and the composition of wort pitching on the sensory stability of beer and processes of conditioning and storage of the finished product were discussed.
Określono udziały najważniejszych składników olejków chmielowych w piwach przed i po przechowywaniu i podjęto próbę określenia ich wpływu na jakość aromatu chmielowego w piwach. Materiałem do badań byty dobre jakościowo piwa jasne pasteryzowane produkcji krajowej o 6-miesięcznym okresie trwałości, wykazujące średnio intensywny i jakościowo dobry zapach oraz smak chmielowy: lekkie 9-10,1%, pełne 11,7-12,7% i mocne 14,1-15,1%. Badania prowadzono w latach 2011-2012 w Zakładzie Technologii Piwa i Słodu w IBPRS w Warszawie w ramach realizacji szerszego tematu pt: „Opracowanie metody określania trwałości sensorycznej piwa na podstawie zmian w składzie i ilości związków smakowo-zapachowych oraz cech sensorycznych piwa podczas przechowywania". Ocenę jakości zapachu i smaku chmielowego w piwach przeprowadzono wg Polskiej Normy PN-A-79093- 1:2000. Ocena sensoryczna piwa. Do określenia udziału składników olejków chmielowych w piwach wykorzystano chromatograf gazowy HP 7890A i sprzężony z nim selektywny detektor masy 5975 C (MSD) firmy Agilent Technologies. Do identyfikacji składników olejków chmielowych w piwach wykorzystano procedurę przeszukiwania biblioteki PBM SEARCHINO w programie sterującym ChemStation, polegającą na porównywaniu widma nieznanego związku z widmami odniesienia w bibliotece. Wstępne wyniki badań wykazały występowanie istotnych różnic w udziałach wielu składników olejków chmielowych i w ocenach zapachu i smaku chmielowego w piwach przed i po przechowywaniu, potwierdzonych analizą statystyczną wyników. Wskazuje to na wpływ tych składników w kształtowaniu charakterystycznego zapachu i smaku chmielowego w piwach.
The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of volatile compounds in bright beers of lager type, produced with a different share of rice used as a partial replacement of barley malt. The share of unmalted raw material in total clod amounted to: 0, 5, 15 and 25%. The original extract was 11,5 °Blg. The partial replacement of barley malt with rice contributed to obtain the products, whose profile of volatile compounds has changed compared to traditional beer. It has been found that the flavor of beer produced with rice is mainly a result of the presence of fifteen different volatile compounds and 3-methyl-1-butanol and ethyl ester of caproic acid were the predominant volatile compounds. The addition of rice during beer production has a significant impact on the increase in the content of 2-methyl-1-butanol and phenyloethyl acetate, as well as on the decrease in hexane and isoamyl acetate.
The possibility of using unconventional raw materials, such as proso millet, triticale, amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa in brewing was presented in this paper, Despite possible difficulties in their processing, they seem to be interesting for the production of a new, attractive beer. Beverages for people suffering from celiac disease can be produced using malt obtained from pseudo-cereals and proso millet. Grains and pseudo-cereals described in this article differ in chemical composition from barley, which causes the necessity of changes in the production of both malt and beer.
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