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Knowledge of surface runoff characteristics allows creating better conditions for landscape management, whether rural or urban. We focused on a determination of a volume of surface water runoff and it velocity in this paper. A direct measurement was done on an experimental area with three different slopes in a laboratory. Results of direct measurements were compared with results from a model SMODERP and NRCS method used in GIS environment. The velocity of surface runoff was also calculated by a mathematical equation used in literature. The results of surface runoff volume from GIS were equal in all cases, but not the velocity. The results of SMODERP simulation and direct measurements are similar. The calculated velocity was the highest in case of first slope, and the lowest in other cases. Differences of the velocity varied in a range 1.10 - 11.06 %. The volume of surface runoff varied more, mainly the results of NRCS Curve Number method in GIS (up to 41 %). The results show that the higher slope, the higher runoff velocity and volume is.
Due to extreme consequences of drought and flood in soil and landscape is necessary to know hydrological balance and soil water content. We used historical data about discharge, weather and crops from years 1974–1994, as well as measurements of soil moisture in the forest and arable soil, in grassland and Salix viminalis L. According to this information, the baseflow (by ABSCAN), surface runoff (SCS method), water retention and soil water content were calculated and evaluated.
This paper presents the results on surface runoff and soil loss obtained in a model field experiment with simulated rainfall on loessial soil and its estimation with the CREAMS model. Satisfactory agreement between measured and simulated data was achieved.
A method for determining synthetic flood hydrograph for small ungauged catchments is presented in the paper. The model uses the SCS excess rainfall model with daily precipitation of 1% exceedance probability as the input data. The excess rainfall is transformed to surface runoff by the geomorphological runoff model.
Under arid (dryland) conditions where the usual rain amounts fall short of the moisture deficit in the surface layers, the occurrence of surface flows is a necessary pre-requisite for the occurrence of groundwater recharge at selected infiltration sites. These surface flows at the same time nourish a variety of plants and biota along the flowpaths, which in turn affect both the quality and quantity of the region’s water resources, especially the salinity buildup. Given these circumstances, both the local recharge as well as the flushing of surface salinity and pollutants depend critically on land use and are extremely sensitive to any change which affects the rain/runoff relationship. With increasing population pressures development relies to an ever increasing extent on the import of extraneous water. Management is then faced with the additional problem of water excesses beyond the natural drainage capacity of the arid system on a year round basis and the resulting ecological changes that result.
W trzyletnich badaniach (1992-1994) przeprowadzonych w Czyrnej k. Krynicy stwierdzono wzrost produkcyjności i glebochronności płodozmianów w miarę wysycenia ich koniczyną i jej mieszankami z trawami. Najwyższą erozję i najniższą produktywność płodozmianów stwierdzono w górnej części stoku o najwyższym spadku.
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