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The experiments were carried out on 8 mature ewes fed ad libitum or being on starvation diet. Sulfamerazine was administered at a dose of 60 mg per 1 kg of body weight intravenously. During starvation the biological half-life of sulfamerazine in the blood plasma was prolonged (not significantly). The results of sulphonamide determinations in the rumen contents of sheep showed that a significant amount of the drug administered intravenously penetrated to the forestomachs and its amount was much higher in the rumen contents of starved sheep than in those fed ad libitum; beginning from the 10th hour after sulfamerazine administration its level was much higher in the rumen contents than in the blood plasma. On the basis of the results one can claim that sulfamerazine concentration in the forestomachs is depending not so much on its increased inflow into the forestomachs as on a decreased outflow related with the pH value of the forestomach contents. Due tо a high level of sulphamides in the forestomachs of starved ruminants the rate of their elimination from the body can be diminished.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) obliges EU members to report of on sales/distribution of veterinary medicinal products (VMP) at a national level. In addition to this mandatory route, a research project based on a questionnaire of 109 practitioner veterinarians representing all regions of Poland has been carried out. The results of statistical analysis of antimicrobial agents used by the probed veterinarians to treat swine and cattle have been completed for 2010. The data were expressed according to recommendations of EMA as the weight mass of pharmacologically active substances within the antibiotic groups. The responder reports placed the tetracycline group as the most frequent agent used in the swine treatments; weight amounts scored 49.1% of total antimicrobials. The penicillin group amounted to 25.7%, followed by macrolides (8.1%) and sulfonamides (5.9%). Aminoglicosides, pleuromutylines and fluoroquinolones usage numbered 3.0%, 2.95% and 2.8%, respectively. Whereas in cattle the prevalence was of penicillins (35.2%), followed by sulfonamides (33.5%), tetracycline (15.9%), aminoglicoside (9.6%), fluoroquinolone (3.5%) and macrolide (1.5%) were recorded. A similar trend of antimicrobial agents consumption was observed in statistics from the countries neighboring Poland in the south; however, when compared to Scandinavia countries it differed. Analysis of the data for antimicrobial agents make it possible to evaluate the prudent use of antibiotics and sulfonamides in Poland. In case of fluoroquinolone, the low figures situated this group in the second line order of antibiotics administered to swine, since they were used as the fifth group of antimicrobials in cattle.
Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie oznaczeń obecności sulfonamidów w dostępnych w handlu naturalnych miodach pszczelich z zastosowaniem chromatografii cienkowarstwowej (TLC) jako metody przesiewowej do wykrywania tych zanieczyszczeń.
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