W pracy przedstawiono przegląd hipotez struktury substancji humusowych. Z powodu heterogeniczności tych substancji nie jest możliwe zdefiniowanie powtarzalnych struktur, a w badaniach należy operacyjnie posługiwać się pojęciem "system substancji humusowych".
Chemical structures and solubility of the derivatives of both benzoic and cinnamic acids as well as of depsides and depsidones have been discussed. Their occurrence in the herbal raw materials have been also concerned.
Hie most essential features of chemical structure and the nature of relationship between furostanolic and spirostanolic forms are presented. The rules, by which the configuration of substituents at the assymetry centres is established, are discussed for the spirostane, furostane and cholestane derivatives. A short review of pharmacological properties of steroidal saponosides is presented. Some newer aspects of the structure activity relationship and metabolism are discussed.
Studies were carried out on the effect of chloride of N-dodecyl-betaine 2-chloroethyl-ester (BE V-B), and chloride of betaine 2-chloroethyl-ester (BE V-B), added to liposomes formed of egg yolk lecithin, on the order parameter of a spin probe incorporated in the temperature range 2-50 °C. The BE’s used here modified ESR spectra to various degrees and lowered the order parameter of the spin probe. At temperatures lower than 20 °C compound V-B caused smaller changes in the order parameter than V-A, whereas above that temperature it caused greater changes. The ESR spectra of liposomes containing BE's exhibited splitting into two components that corresponded to different order parameter values. The molecular mechanism of interaction between the compounds studied and liposomes is disscused.