Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 237

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 12 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  stress
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 12 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Calculation of combined steel-concrete structures shall be conducted in stages. Before monolithic slab concrete gains strength, metal structure is the only structure part that carries loading of its own weight. However, after concrete gains strength, the whole calculated loading is carried by whole reinforced monolithic concrete slab where axis position changes. The article describes main principles of the technique of imaginary hinges installation for the forces calculation in static indefinite continuous structures under conditions of mathematical axis position change in stiffening girder. That enables to simulate the stress-deformation state in the combined structures elements at the initial design stage. This technique is used for the calculation and results analysis for combined structure with composite reinforced concrete top band and steel suspension taking into account of their work stages.
1. Distribution of c-Fos positive nuclei in: ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, periaqueductal gray. 2. Appearance of calbindin-D28k, calretinin and parvalbumin in midbrain neurons that are engaged in the stress response. 3. Changes of c-Fos and calcium-binding proteins expression during maturation. The material consisted of Wistar rats of age between 0 and 90 days. The OF exposure was applied throughout 10 min and 90 min before the death of the animals. The brain sections were double stained using the antibodies against c-Fos, CB, CR or PV. Our results showed that in all studied nuclei age-related increase of c-Fos expression (without changing of its distribution properties) was found. PV didn't show any co-localization with c-Fos in neurons of studied regions at any ages, however some PV-immunoreactive (PV-ir) basket-like structures around c-Fos-immunoreactive (c-Fos-ir) neurons were observed. In the youngest group of rats c-Fos-ir cells and cells immunoreactive for CB and CR constituted separate neuronal populations. During maturation increases in the level of their co-localization with c-Fos was observed. We may conclude that in adult rat midbrain structures CB-immunoreactive (CB-ir) and CR-immunoreactive (CR-ir) cells (probably projection neurons) are mainly activated in the stress response following OF exposure. In the contrary PV-ir cells has only an indirect (modulatory) influence upon the c-Fos-ir cells.
Background. To assess stress levels in fishes, plasma cortisol levels are measured by radioimmuno assay and phagocytic activity is assessed using macrophages. However, the small size of some fishes makes it difficult to measure stress using these physiological and immunological indicators. In this study, we investigated the possibility of obtaining macrophages from zebrafish via whole body extractions by assessing the respiratory burst activity and phagocytic capacity of extracted cells and we studied the effects of temperature stress on zebrafish using the extracted macrophages. Materials and Methods. One hundred and fifty genetically pure zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822), were randomly divided into three groups and placed in three different environments: optimal (28°C), warm (32°C), and cool (23°C). Using the newly developed extraction method described in this article macrophages were extracted from whole fish bodies and the phagocytic activity of these cells were assessed. Results. The method yielded enough macrophages to examine their respiratory burst activity and phagocytic capacity. Values obtained for experimental replicates were similar and the assessment measures were sensitive enough to detect differences in these parameters among fish maintained at three different temperatures for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. These results suggest that macrophages can be successfully extracted using the whole body method and the extracted macrophages are useful for studying stress. Conclusion. The method of macrophage extraction described in this article is simple and rapid, and will enable researchers to study the effects of any stressors, environmental or pathogenic, on the non-specific immune response of fish.
12
Content available remote

Inflammatory bowel diseases and brain-gut axis

75%
The influence of stress on inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is reviewed. In experimental forms of colitis in rats, stress reactivated the disease. A study of stable IBD patients who were followed for over five years explored the influence of stress on exacerbating the disease. Those patients with high prolonged stressful life events were found to have a 90% recurrence rate of their colitis as compared to only 40% recurrence in low stress patients. Some of the mediators of stress include VIP, TNFalpha, heat shock proteins, glucocorticoid and catecholamines. Stress was shown to increase intestinal permeability to markers such as Cr-EDTA, HRP and dextran 10,000 in rats. In addition, stress increases the permeability of intestinal M-cells. Finally, stress increased the permeability of Paneth cells to HRP. Since Paneth cells synthesize NOD2 mRNA and protein, stress may play a role in the genesis or reactivation of Crohn's disease involving the terminal ileum. Brain-gut interactions via neural, hormonal and cytokine signals can diminish the mucosal protective factors and increase the permeability of luminal antigens into the intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Stress appears to play a key role in exacerbating and accentuating the intestinal inflammation in IBD through brain-gut interactions.
The aim of our paper was to identify the effect of physical activities on the reduction of stress among the elderly who regularly participated in a physical activity program and point out the positive effects of these exercises. The research sample consisted of a total of 202 elderly people from 64 to 78 years of age. 102 of them regularly exercised within the framework of the Motion studio program for the elderly organised by the University of the Third Age at Brno University of Technology. Other 100 seniors did not study and none of them exercised regularly. The level of stress was measured with the Stress Test (Selye, 1993, Křivohlavý, 2001).We looked for differences in the level of stress among seniors who exercise on a regular basis and those who do not exercise. We compared age, retirement time and all physiological stress-related difficulties. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient and the factual evaluation for statistical evaluation of the obtained data. The obtained results, indicate that the seniors who came regularly to the Motion studio showed less stress than the rest of the tested elders. They showed lower level in the zone of moderate stress, on average 4.5 points (men exhibited slightly higher stress level – 5 points – than women – 4 points) compared to the average of 8.1 points among seniors without sports and regular exercise (again, men showed higher levels of stress – 8.3 points – than women – 7.9 points). We found that the time spent in retirement does not statistically significantly affect the level of stress among the elderly (0.05 % significance level). The results indicated that the main stressors in old age are primarily physiological factors, which determine the level of life quality and often cause protracted diseases, particularly those related to musculoskeletal system. The time spent in retirement does not statistically significantly affect the level of stress of the elderly. Seniors without sports and regular exercise who reported higher levels of stress complained more about their cardiovascular condition, loss of appetite and neurological problems. The research has shown that seniors who are regularly engaged in physical activities are less stressed than seniors without sports and regular exercise.
Background: This research was aimed at describing the influence of selected intrapsychic factors related to “low” and “high” mountain conditions upon the efficiency of alpine skiing instruction. Material/Methods: Research participants were 48 people without skiing skills. Altitudes from 770 to 1,741 metres above sea level were chosen for “high” groups. A STAI questionnaire was chosen in order to carry out the research. The skiing level achieved by the end of the instruction was assessed expertly with the three essential evolutions, i.e. ploughing curves, slanting slide, and half-ploughing turn, taken into consideration. Results: The anxiety level after the instruction of the “high” group exceeded that in the “low” group (p<0.0895). Significant negative correlations were observed between the mean score for technical evolutions and the accompanying anxiety in the “high” group of subjects. Conclusions: The lower the characteristic anxiety, the better the technical test results. Whenever skiing evolutions are taught, it is necessary to take into consideration both the students’ anxiety levels and their physical effectiveness levels. Contributions to the awareness of skiing instruction participants can increase their mental resistance and result in a better final effect of such an instruction.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a life threatening complication of pregnancy, both for a woman and for a child. The study aimed to evaluate models of coping with stress in a group of women with pregnancy hypertension. 30 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were enrolled in the study. Authors made use of the Cattell Personality Factors test by K. Hirszl that assesses personality profiles and The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) by Endler&Parker in a Polish modification by P. Szczepaniak, K. Wrześniewski and J. Strelau. A high level of inner tension characterizes women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Together with anxiety increase, escape from both contacts and discussing problems is observed in these women. Such situation may lead to secondary emotional agitation with a negative impact on both mother's and child's health state.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 12 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.