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Strong bee colonies rear more brood and produce more honey than weak colonies. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between the strength of bee colonies, the amount of brood reared, and the amount of honey produced. Thirty bee colonies of different strength were observed. The amount of brood reared in each colony was determined one month before the beginning of the nectar flow from winter rape and the production of honey after the nectar flow period. A significant positive correlation was established between the strength of the bee colony and brood amount (r = 0.442), between colony strength and honey production (r = 0.456), and between brood amount and honey production (r = 0.568).
Introduction. Inertial training is a little known strength training method. Very few research papers describing the effectiveness of inertial training have been published. Many questions regarding inertial training still remain unanswered. What do we know about the methodology of inertial training? What is the efficacy of inertial training? What are advantages and disadvantages of different inertial devices? The present study attempts to explain the concept of inertial training and recapitulate the state of current knowledge about this training method. Methods. Material for this study consisted of publications retrieved from the PubMed, Springer, SPORTDiscus, and MEDLINE databases. Results. There has been only one scientific study concerned with the optimal methodology of inertial training. In the present paper the authors discuss a method for optimal muscle loading during inertial training. However, most articles reveal a high efficacy of inertial training for strength and power improvement in a relatively short time. Inertial training can evoke functional changes and can be useful in sport practice. There have been a few types of inertial devices, and in the last five years two devices have been designed which enable the development of inertial training methodology: ITMS and Cyklotren. However, since inertial training methodology still remains insufficiently examined, further research is needed in the area. Conclusions. Considering its high effectiveness, inertial training appears to be a highly promising strength training method. However, the methodology of inertial training must be further developed. The application of the new Cyklotren inertial device can greatly facilitate this objective.
A comprehensive analysis has been made of the mechanical properties and density of 100 timber species. The correlation between the mechanical properties and wood density has been approximated by a power function type y = aρn. No functional relation has been found between the parameters describing mechanical properties of the cell wall and the wood density. The values of these parameters show great scatter of about ±50% relative to the mean value. An attempt has been made to identify other wood characteristics determining the mechanical properties of wood. The species characterised by extremely high values of the parameters describing mechanical properties of wood have been singled out. The greatest differentiation in the values has been noted for the tensile strength. Among the coniferous species of similar density the differences have reached 113% on average, while among the deciduous species – 143%, at the differences in density being only of 15%.
The scope of the article was to determine quality ratios based on the selected largesize and laboratory samples of coniferous pinewood obtained from the central part of Poland (Wieruszowski District), in order to evaluate the usefulness of those elements for wooden constructions. Physical and mechanical parameters have been determined which facilitated defining quality and endurance ratios of semi-finished products.
The effects of sex and age of wild American mink Mustela vison Schreber, 1777 were investigated on four characteristics (thickness, cross-sectional area, shear force, and shear stress) of humeri and femurs. Thicknesses and cross-sectional areas were higher (p < 0.001) in males for both bones. Shear forces for both bones were higher (p < 0.01) in males. Age significantly (p < 0.07) affected shear stress of humeri. Increase in bone strength in males appears related to increase in bone thickness and cross-sectional area only and not to increases in shear stress. Bone geometry appears to respond to changes in body size while maintaining a constant or minimum value of shear-stress.
The objective of investigations was to determine rigidity and strength of temporary joints applied in cabinet furniture. In particular, the authors intended to determine the distribution of ordinary stresses in wood, metal and plastic connections of temporary joints and in parts of boards in direct contact with these fastenings. The performed laboratory investigations and numerical calculations showed that trapezoid temporary joints with metal construction were characterised by the most advantageous rigidity-strength properties, while wood dowels in these joints were found to play a significant role supporting their strength.
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