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Investigations of the longitudinal sizes of the smallest eddies (Kolmogorov’s microscale) presented in the paper are based on measurements of instantaneous velocities in a hydraulic laboratory in a compound trapezoidal channel with different roughness conditions (smooth bed, rough bed) and with trees system on the floodplains. Sizes of the smallest eddies varied in the ranges of 0.08 to 0.48 mm. The changes of longitudinal sizes of the floodplain microeddies are not caused by: the increase of floodplain roughness, the presence of trees, but only when the main channel bed is smooth, and they are also not caused by the increase of roughness of the main channel sloping banks. However, the increase of the size of the floodplain microeddies is influenced by trees, when the roughness of the floodplains and the main channel sloping banks are identical. The increase of microeddies size in the main channel is infl uenced by: the increase of the main channel sloping banks roughness, by the presence of trees on the floodplains, but only when the roughness of the floodplains and the main channel sloping banks are identical. Microeddies are larger in the main channel centerline than on the floodplains, and the smallest ones were present in the main channel/floodplain interface. The calculated values of microeddies reached decimal parts of a millimeter, and that is why it is difficult to prove vital changes of their values, caused by bed roughness and floodplain trees influence.
The long-term evolution of the river beds of Nida River in Pińczów and Wiślica gauging station as well as an analysis of the causes of significant cases of lowering of the bottom of stream beds are presented in the paper. The intensity of river bed evolution as a stochastic process is described with the use of a statistical model. The analysis of the intensity of the process of river bed erosion was conducted under the assumption that the observed long-term trend of the lowest annual water levels reflect the elevation of the river bottom in the same years. The recorded observations at the Pińczów and Wiślica gauging stations on the Nida River, covering over 70-year period of time, are analyzed. Observations of the variability in the studied bottom levels over the decades allow concluding that the great transformation of riverbeds occurred there. The observations and calculations show that in Pińczów multistream or meandering river bed changed into straight channel and the process of shallowing of the river bed appeared. At the Wiślica gauging station the process of riverbed erosion with the variable intensity was observed. The research shows that the causes of these changes observed in Pińczów and Wiślica are not natural, but rather of human activity.
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