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The studies were done in 9 farms on 187 cows affected with a subclinical bacterial mastitis (260 quarters), sub- clinical aseptic mastitis (73 quarters) and latent infections (23 quarters). In the treatment, Lydium-KLP was applied intravenously once at a dose of 0.015-0.020 mg of lysozyme dimmer/kg of body weight. Control examinations carried out on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatment showed a high effectiveness of lysozyme dimmer in the treatment of subclinical mastitis. From 38.9% to 76.3% infected quarters (average 64.5 %) werer cured in particular farms. Effectiveness of the therapy used was high in cases when one quarter of an udder was affected and a somatic cell count did not exceed 3 million/ml of milk. The cure rate was the following: 50% for quarters infected with S. aureus, 57.9% for quarters infected with S. agalactiae and 88.1% for quarters infected with other microorganisms.
Currently, subclinical endometritis is being discussed as an important cause of reduced conception rates in dairy cows. Inflammation of the endometrium alters the uterine environment and disrupts conception or embryo survival. Subclinical endometritis mainly results from persistent bacterial infection during parturition. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum and Escherichia coli are major uterine pathogens. The association between infection with bovine herpes virus 4 and endometritis is suggested. Subclinical endometritis has been histologically diagnosed in 30-50% of repeat breeding cows. Recently, uterine cytology collected by cytobrush or lavage is used for the diagnosis of endometrial inflammation. Subclinical endometritis is defined as the presence of > 18% neutrophils in uterine cytology collected 21-33 days postpartum or > 10% neutrophils at 34-47 days. Prevalence of subclinical endometritis in different studies ranges from 30 to 70 percent. There are no practical recommendations for the treatment of subclinical endometritis. The use of prostaglandin F₂a and intrauterine infusion of antibiotics or proteolytic enzymes has been described.
The activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NA-Gase) was determined in 40 samples of quarter milk from 40 healthy cows, and in 188 samples of secretion from subclinically and clinically inflamed udders, and in 181 sample of raw bulk milk collected from small private farms. The study was performed by ADC apparatuses and diagnostics delivered by ELKABE Ltd. The average activity of NAGase was the following: 125 AFU for health quarters, 220 AFU for the recovered quarters on the 21st day after treatment (s.c.c. 300 000), 260 AFU for the cases of latent udder infections caused by S. aureus or S. agalactiae (s.c.c. below 350 000/ml), 680 AFU for cases of subclinical bacterial or aseptic mastitis (average s.c.c. 3.5 milion/ml), and 1360 AFU for quarters affected with clinical forms of mastitis. The activity of NAGase in raw bulk milk was as follows: 117 AFU for s.c.c. below 200 000/ml, 123 AFU for s.c.c. 201 000-300 000/ml, 139 AFU s.c.c. 301 000-400 000/ml, 143 AFU for s.c.c. 401 000-500 000/ml, and 246 AFU for s.c.c. 0.75-1 mln/ml determined by Fossomatic. It has been noted that the state of healthy of udders and the changes in a quarter milk are determined more precisely by NAGase than by somatic cell count. The „cut off’ indicator and Applied Diagnostics Corporation computer programme are fully appropriate for the estimation of the hygienic acceptability of raw bulk milk.
The most effective tools for detecting subclinical forms of pleuropneumonia in pigs are serology profiles. Serological tests provide the possibility for herd management and enable the eradication of the pathogenic App strains by eliminating sero-positive animals. The most commonly used serological methods include ELISA assays, which use a capsular antigen (polysaccharide-LPS) or tests based on the detection of anti-toxin antibodies Apx I, ApxII, ApxIII and ApxIV. Among serotype-specific ELISA assays which detect antibodies against the capsular LPS antigen (allowing the identification of antibodies against particular serogroups of App) ELISA kits for the detection of antibodies against serotypes 1 through12 are also available on the market.
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