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This work presents the results of determination of lead in the soils of six allotment gardens located in different parts of the city (in the centre and on the outskirts). Lead was determined spectrophotometrically in the form of pink lead(II) ditizonate.
A spectrophotometric method of monosaccharide analysis was assessed with regard to its non-selectivity towards humic substances. Analysis of model solutions showed that it responds positively to both marine and terrestrial humics. The systematic error in monosaccharide analysis (in glucose equivalents) was 0.18–0.20mg per 1 mg of Aldrich humic acid and 0.11–0.12 mg per 1 mg of humic substances isolated from Gulf of Gdańsk water.
The aim of this paper is to present the chemical behaviour of cuprum (II) and mercury (II) in chelate complexes with L-ascorbic acid in alkaline solution. The results were interpreted by the spectroscopy method. Composition and total stability constants of the complexes were determined by Jacymirski method. In solution in with pH =9, H2 Asc forms complexes of the type [Me(Asc)2]-2; Me:L = 1:2. The complexes are of medium stability.
One possible method of drinking water treatment is chlorine dioxide disinfection. This technology, however, requires reliable control of its byproducts, including chlorite ions., which pose a threat to human health. In this paper an original procedure for flow indirect determination of chlorite in drinking water was described. This method relies on oxidization of chlorite ions by iron(III) in acid environment measurement of the spectrophotometric signal for the phenanthroline/iron(II) complex. The determinations were carried out by flow analysis with the use of a dedicated set of flow instruments. The method was used for analysis of natural samples collected from various water intakes in Kraków. The new analytic approach was compared with the routinely applied ion chromatography method.
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are present in environmental waters in the range of 1 to 5,000 ppm and different methods have been reported for their determination. In this paper we have studied and compared analytical performance parameters for the distillation method followed by potentiometric titration, spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods. The main disadvantage of the distillation approach was quite poor absolute recovery (53-58%) from the given matrix and rather elevated limit of quantification (LOQ) at 110 mg/L. Direct potentiometric titration was characterized by acceptable accuracy (above 97%) and precision in the range 1.8%-15%. The LOQ value was 11 mg/L. The spectrophotometric method was sensitive for hydrogen carbonate alkalinity and phosphate ions; measured concentrations of acetic acid were lower than nominal. The precision and accuracy of the spectrophotometric method were in the ranges 1.3-14% and 82.1-104.2%, respectively. Limit of quantification was 28 mg/L. However, if ion exchange bed is used prior to this method the LOQ can be reduced to 5 mg/L. The GC method is characterized by quite low LOQ (5 mg/L) and seems to be the best methodology to determine low VFA concentrations in environmental waters. The precision of the method ranged from 5.7 to 14.8% and accuracy was above 92%. Additionally, this method allows for determination of individual VFAs.
The antioxidant activity of rutin and selected common buckwheat-originated materials, namely groat, hull, flour and sprouts were measured against stable, non-biological radicals such as 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical cation (ABTS•+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) using a spectrophotometric assay, against the key reactive oxygen intermediate – superoxide anion radical (O2 –•) with a photochemiluminescence assay (PCL) while reducing capacity was determined with the cyclic voltammetry method (CV). The antioxidant activity was presented independently of the techniques used as TEAC values and then the contribution of rutin to the antioxidant capacity of buckwheat material was calculated. The order of the antioxidant activity of rutin provided by the updated analytical strategy was as follows: CV = DPPH RSA > PCL > ABTS RSA. Buckwheat groat and hull represented low antioxidant capacity samples whilst that of sprouts was ranked as high antioxidant capacity one. The results showed a low contribution of rutin to the antioxidant capacity of buckwheat groat and hull. The highest contribution of rutin to the antioxidant capacity was noted in buckwheat sprouts, especially those produced in light. The specificity of the rank of methods used as CV = DPPH RSA > ABTS RSA > PCL was concluded since the lowest antioxidant gap was provided with CV and DPPH RSA whilst the highest one with ABTS RSA and PCL.
The aim of the study was an attempt to apply selected analytical methods for the evaluation of preparations of modified lysozyme. Lysozyme isolated from hen egg white was modified using thermal, thermal-chemical, chemical and membrane methods and subsequently the obtained preparations were evaluated with the use of the spectrophotometric method, as well as electrophoresis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The aim of this study was the evaluation of the content of selenium in natural fruit juices. In this study, the author determined trace quantities of selenium in fruit juices by three independent methods: atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), spectrophotometry (UV-VIS) and spectrofluorometry (SF). None of the analysed samples contained elevated levels of selenium. Selenium content in the analysed samples was in the range of 0.46 µg/l - 0.94 µg/l average 0.65 µg/l. The level of selenium in any of the analysed samples of fruit juices did not exceed the WHO recommended level of 0.010 mg/ for drinking water.
This paper presents a comparative description of different methods of determination of arsenic, anti­mony and selenium: spectrophotometric, electro-analytical (voltamperometry), activation analysis, atomic fluorescence and the methods of inductive or microwave-induced plasma in combination with different detection methods (emission or mass spectrometry). The description is based on literature data illustrating the present state of the metalloid determinations in different matrices. The limits of determination ensured by different methods are also compared. Much attention has been paid to methods combining chromato- graphic separation with selective detection, especially with the application of plasma generation methods (usually ICP-MS).
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